Department of Paediatrics, University of Torino, Piazza Polonia 94, Torino, Italy.
Ital J Pediatr. 2012 Dec 21;38:73. doi: 10.1186/1824-7288-38-73.
The cardiovascular disease represents the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in Western countries and it is related to the atherosclerotic process. Cardiovascular disease risk factors, such as dyslipidemia, hypertension, insulin resistance, obesity, accelerate the atherosclerotic process which begins in childhood and progresses throughout the life span. The cardiovascular disease risk factor detection and management through prevention delays the atherosclerotic progression towards clinical cardiovascular disease. Dietary habits, from prenatal nutrition, breastfeeding, complementary feeding to childhood and adolescence nutrition play a basic role for this topic.The metabolic and neuroendocrine environment of the fetus is fundamental in the body's "metabolic programming". Further several studies have demonstrated the beneficial effects of breastfeeding on cardiovascular risk factors reduction. Moreover the introduction of complementary foods represents another important step, with particular regard to protein intake. An adequate distribution between macronutrients (lipids, proteins and carbohydrates) is required for correct growth development from infancy throughout adolescence and for prevention of several cardiovascular disease risk determinants in adulthood.The purpose of this review is to examine the impact of nutrition since early life on disease.
心血管疾病是西方国家发病率和死亡率的主要原因，它与动脉粥样硬化过程有关。心血管疾病的危险因素，如血脂异常、高血压、胰岛素抵抗、肥胖等，会加速动脉粥样硬化的进程，这个进程从儿童期就开始，并贯穿整个生命周期。通过预防来检测和管理心血管疾病的危险因素，可以延缓动脉粥样硬化向临床心血管疾病的进展。从产前营养、母乳喂养、补充喂养到儿童和青少年营养的饮食习惯，在这个主题中起着基本的作用。胎儿的代谢和神经内分泌环境对于身体的“代谢编程”至关重要。此外，多项研究已经证明母乳喂养对降低心血管危险因素的有益作用。此外，引入补充食品是另一个重要的步骤，特别是在蛋白质摄入方面。为了实现从婴儿期到青春期的正确生长发育，以及预防成年后出现多种心血管疾病风险因素，需要在宏量营养素（脂肪、蛋白质和碳水化合物）之间进行适当的分配。本篇综述的目的是探讨从生命早期开始的营养对疾病的影响。
