Department of Chemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand.
Aquat Toxicol. 2013 Mar 15;128-129:91-100. doi: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2012.11.019. Epub 2012 Dec 7.
Although polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) have the ability to undergo long-range atmospheric transport to remote ecosystems like Antarctica, a recent study found evidence for a local source within the Antarctic. PBDEs from sewage treatment outfalls of McMurdo Station and Scott Base on Ross Island have been attributed to the high concentrations measured in emerald rock cod (Trematomus bernacchii). The potential impact of PBDEs on Antarctic fish physiology is unknown and therefore, the aim of this study was to obtain a greater understanding of physiological responses of emerald rock cod for assessing changes in ecosystem quality. A PBDE mixture (ΣPBDE 8 congeners) was administered fortnightly over 42 days and physiological changes were observed throughout this period and for a further 14 days thereafter. Changes in liver composition, molecular level changes and enzyme activities of selected detoxification-mediated and antioxidant defence markers were measured. Changes in total lipid, lipid peroxide and protein carbonyl concentrations in emerald rock cod liver were consistent with increases in nucleus surface area in the PBDE-treated groups, suggesting alterations in cellular function. Changes in the activities of selected antioxidant enzymes indirectly indicated oxidative stress, possibly resulting in the changes in liver composition. Additionally, glutathione-S-transferase (GST) activity reached its peak faster than that of ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD), suggesting that during the early response to PBDE exposures there could be a greater involvement of GST-mediated detoxification. Thus, for at least the species examined here, protein carbonyl and lipid peroxides were useful and informative biomarkers for cellular level responses following PBDE-related exposure. Furthermore, our findings suggest that emerald rock cod exposed to PBDEs develop oxidative stress - a condition with potential consequences for fish growth, health and reproduction.
尽管多溴二苯醚 (PBDEs) 具有长距离大气传输到南极洲等偏远生态系统的能力，但最近的一项研究在南极发现了当地来源的证据。罗斯岛麦克默多站和斯科特基地的污水处理厂排放口的 PBDEs 归因于在翡翠岩鳕鱼 (Trematomus bernacchii) 中测量到的高浓度。PBDEs 对南极鱼类生理学的潜在影响尚不清楚，因此，本研究的目的是更好地了解翡翠岩鳕鱼的生理反应，以评估生态系统质量的变化。在 42 天内每两周给予 PBDE 混合物（ΣPBDE 8 同系物），并在此期间及之后的 14 天内观察生理变化。测量肝脏成分、分子水平变化以及选定解毒介导和抗氧化防御标志物的酶活性的变化。翡翠岩鳕鱼肝脏中总脂质、脂质过氧化物和蛋白质羰基浓度的变化与 PBDE 处理组中核表面积的增加一致，表明细胞功能发生改变。选定抗氧化酶活性的变化间接表明氧化应激，可能导致肝脏成分发生变化。此外，谷胱甘肽-S-转移酶 (GST) 活性的峰值比乙氧基荧光素-O-脱乙基酶 (EROD) 快，这表明在 PBDE 暴露的早期反应中，GST 介导的解毒可能会更多地参与其中。因此，对于至少在此处检查的物种，蛋白质羰基和脂质过氧化物是有用的和信息丰富的生物标志物，可用于 PBDE 相关暴露后细胞水平的反应。此外，我们的研究结果表明，暴露于 PBDEs 的翡翠岩鳕鱼会产生氧化应激——这种情况可能对鱼类的生长、健康和繁殖产生潜在影响。
