Department of Agricultural Science, Faculty of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Gong Badak Campus, Terengganu, Malaysia.
PLoS One. 2012;7(12):e52441. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0052441. Epub 2012 Dec 20.
This study is the first report to suggest a morphological phylogenetic framework for the seven varieties of Ficus deltoidea Jack (Ficus: Moraceae) from the Malay Peninsula of Malaysia. Several molecular-based classifications on the genus Ficus had been proposed, but neither had discussed the relationship between seven varieties of F. deltoidea to its allies nor within the varieties. The relationship between seven varieties of F. deltoidea is still debated due to the extreme morphological variabilities and ambiguous boundaries between taxa. Thus, the correct identification of these varieties is important as several morphological characters are variety-specific. To test the monophyly and further resolved the relationship in F. deltoidea, a morphological phylogenetic analysis was conducted based on herbarium specimens representing the seven varieties of F. deltoidea that were collected from the Malay Peninsula of Malaysia, by using related species of the genus Ficus; F. grossularioides, F. ischnopoda and F. oleifolia as the outgroups. Parsimony and neighbour-joining analyses indicated that F. deltoidea is monophyletic, in that the seven varieties of F. deltoidea nested into two clades; clade subspecies deltoidea (var. deltoidea, var. bilobata, var. angustifolia, var. kunstleri and var. trengganuensis) and clade subspecies motleyana (var. intermedia and var. motleyana).
本研究首次提出马来半岛榕属(Ficus: Moraceae)的 7 个菱叶榕(Ficus deltoidea Jack)变种的形态系统发育框架。已有几种基于分子的榕属分类法，但都没有讨论 7 个菱叶榕变种与其近缘种之间的关系，也没有讨论变种内的关系。由于种间形态变异极大且界限模糊，7 个菱叶榕变种之间的关系仍存在争议。因此，由于几个形态特征是特定于变种的，因此正确识别这些变种非常重要。为了检验系统发育的单系性并进一步解决菱叶榕属内的关系，对采自马来西亚马来半岛的 7 个菱叶榕变种的标本进行了形态系统发育分析，使用榕属的相关种作为外群，包括菱叶榕 F. grossularioides、菱叶榕 F. ischnopoda 和菱叶榕 F. oleifolia。简约法和邻接法分析表明，菱叶榕是单系的，7 个菱叶榕变种分为两个分支；分支亚种 deltoidea（变种 deltoidea、变种 bilobata、变种 angustifolia、变种 kunstleri 和变种 trengganuensis）和分支亚种 motleyana（变种 intermedia 和变种 motleyana）。
