Balonov Mikhail
Institute of Radiation Hygiene, 8 Mira St, 197101 St Petersburg, Russia.
J Radiol Prot. 2013 Mar;33(1):27-40. doi: 10.1088/0952-4746/33/1/27. Epub 2013 Jan 7.
The accident at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant in Ukraine in 1986 caused a huge release of radionuclides over large areas of Europe. During large scale activities focused on overcoming of its negative consequences for public health, various research programmes in radioecology, dosimetry and radiation medicine were conducted. New knowledge was applied internationally in substantial updating of radiation protection systems for emergency and existing situations of human exposure, for improvement of emergency preparedness and response. Radioecological and dosimetry models were significantly improved and validated with numerous measurement data, guidance on environmental countermeasures and monitoring elaborated and tested.New radiological knowledge can be of use in the planning and implementation of rehabilitation programmes in Japan following the Fukushima nuclear accident. In particular, the following activity areas would benefit from application of the Chernobyl experience: strategy of rehabilitation, and technology of settlement decontamination and of countermeasures applied in agriculture and forestry. The Chernobyl experience could be very helpful in planning research activities initiated by the Fukushima radionuclide fallout, i.e. environmental transfer of radionuclides, effectiveness of site-specific countermeasures, nationwide dose assessment, health effect studies, etc.
1986年发生在乌克兰切尔诺贝利核电站的事故导致大量放射性核素释放到欧洲大片地区。在集中精力克服其对公众健康造成的负面影响的大规模活动中，开展了放射性生态学、剂量测定学和放射医学等各种研究项目。新知识在国际上被应用于大幅更新针对人类暴露的紧急情况和现有情况的辐射防护系统，以改进应急准备和响应。放射性生态和剂量测定模型得到显著改进，并用大量测量数据进行了验证，制定并测试了环境应对措施和监测方面的指南。新的放射学知识可用于日本福岛核事故后康复计划的规划和实施。特别是，以下活动领域将受益于切尔诺贝利经验的应用：康复战略、定居点去污技术以及农业和林业中应用的应对措施。切尔诺贝利经验对于规划由福岛放射性核素沉降引发的研究活动非常有帮助，即放射性核素的环境转移、特定地点应对措施的有效性、全国剂量评估、健康影响研究等。
