Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, 11370 Anderson St., Suite 3950, Loma Linda, CA, USA.
Arch Gynecol Obstet. 2013 Jun;287(6):1093-7. doi: 10.1007/s00404-013-2711-5. Epub 2013 Jan 11.
Placentas from spontaneous abortions and preterm deliveries have a higher prevalence of Human papillomavirus (HPV) compared to placentas from elective abortions and term births. The objective was to determine the effects of HPV-16 on the adhesion and implantation properties of early embryo trophoblasts.
Two-cell mouse embryos were cultured (medium G2, 5 % CO2, 37 °C) for 72-96 h and exposed to either HPV-16 rich SiHa cell lysates which were refrigerated after mechanical lysis, thawed lysates which had been frozen for freeze/thaw lysis method, or control medium, incubated (4-5 days) and evaluated by microscopy (N = 96 embryos, 3 repeated experiments). Trophoblasts were stained and images were digitized. Adhesion and dimension data were analyzed by Chi-square and t test, respectively.
HPV-16 exposed embryos exhibited less adhesion through reduced implantation compared with the control (combined lysates 53.8 vs. 85.7 %, P < 0.05). Refrigerated and thawed lysate groups had similar reduced implantations (58.3 vs. 50.0 %). Of the embryos with implantation, 100 % in the refrigerated lysates were noted to have loose or abnormal adhesion. This was measured when embryos were noted to be lost after washes with HTF. There was no difference in trophoblast viability among the groups. Total trophoblast area was greater in the HPV-16 exposed frozen lysate group (1,881.8 ± 605.3 vs. control 848.8 ± 298.0 square units, mean ± SEM).
HPV-16 inhibited trophoblasts adhesion needed for normal implantation, but not embryo development. Total trophoblast spread was increased after HPV-16 exposure suggesting that HPV-16 altered trophoblast migration. These results suggest that HPV-16 may induce abnormal placental growth resulting in pregnancy wastage.
与选择性流产和足月分娩的胎盘相比，自发性流产和早产的胎盘中人乳头瘤病毒（HPV）的流行率更高。目的是确定 HPV-16 对早期胚胎滋养细胞黏附和植入特性的影响。
将两细胞期小鼠胚胎在培养基 G2 中培养（5%CO2，37°C）72-96 小时，然后暴露于冷藏的富含 HPV-16 的 SiHa 细胞裂解物、冷冻/解冻裂解物或对照培养基中，孵育（4-5 天）并通过显微镜进行评估（N=96 个胚胎，3 次重复实验）。对滋养细胞进行染色，对图像进行数字化。通过卡方检验和 t 检验分别分析黏附和维度数据。
与对照组相比，HPV-16 暴露的胚胎表现出较少的黏附，植入减少（联合裂解物 53.8%比 85.7%，P<0.05）。冷藏和解冻裂解物组的植入减少相似（58.3%比 50.0%）。在有植入的胚胎中，100%的冷藏裂解物胚胎的黏附被认为是疏松或异常的。这是在胚胎用 HTF 冲洗后丢失时观察到的。各组滋养细胞活力无差异。HPV-16 暴露的冷冻裂解物组总滋养细胞面积较大（1881.8±605.3 比对照 848.8±298.0 平方单位，平均值±SEM）。
HPV-16 抑制了正常植入所需的滋养细胞黏附，但不影响胚胎发育。HPV-16 暴露后总滋养细胞扩散增加，提示 HPV-16 改变了滋养细胞迁移。这些结果表明，HPV-16 可能导致异常胎盘生长，导致妊娠丢失。
