Martin Claire, Duquesne Véronique, Guibert Jean-Michel, Pulido Coralie, Gilot-Fromont Emmanuelle, Gibert Philippe, Velarde Roser, Thiéry Richard, Marco Ignasi, Dubois Eric
ANSES, Laboratoire de Sophia-Antipolis, Unité Pathologie des Ruminants, 105 Route des Chappes B.P.111, 06902 Sophia-Antipolis Cedex, France.
J Wildl Dis. 2013 Jan;49(1):55-68. doi: 10.7589/2011-09-260.
Border disease virus (BDV) causes high mortality in Pyrenean chamois (Rupicapra pyrenaica) on the French and Spanish sides of the Pyrenees Mountains. We investigated the pathology induced by BDV in pregnant chamois via experimental infection. Three females were inoculated during the second third of pregnancy with a BDV-4 subgroup strain isolated from a wild Pyrenean chamois during an acute epizootic. A fourth pregnant chamois and one nonpregnant ewe were kept as negative controls. Animals were monitored to assess clinical signs, hematology, viremia, and serology. Postmortem examinations included necropsy, histopathology, and quantification of viral RNA in organs. Pregnancy was unsuccessful in all inoculated animals. One died 24 days postinoculation (dpi) without showing any precursory clinical signs. The second animal had profuse diarrhea from 13 dpi to its death at 51 dpi. The third aborted at 46 dpi and was euthanized at 51 dpi. All animals were viremic from 4 dpi until death. Neutralizing antibodies against BDV-4 were detected from 12 dpi. Necropsies showed generalized lymphadenomegaly, associated in one case with disseminated petechial hemorrhages in the digestive tract. Seventy-eight of 79 organs from inoculated adults and their fetuses had detectable viral RNA. The main histologic lesions in adults were mild lymphohistiocytic encephalitis associated with moderate or moderately severe lymphoid depletion. Control animals remained negative for virus (in blood and organs), antibody, and lesions upon postmortem examination. BDV infection during pregnancy in Pyrenean chamois causes severe disease leading to abortion, then death. Despite 100% fetal death following inoculation, viral RNA was recovered from all organs of infected fetuses, suggesting that persistently infected offspring could be born. Our results may help explain the reported decrease in chamois populations in several areas and suggest that great care must be taken when interpreting infection status for wildlife.
边界病病毒（BDV）在比利牛斯山脉法国和西班牙一侧的比利牛斯岩羚羊（Rupicapra pyrenaica）中可导致高死亡率。我们通过实验性感染研究了BDV在怀孕岩羚羊中诱发的病理学变化。三只雌性岩羚羊在妊娠中期接种了一株从急性 epizootic 期间的野生比利牛斯岩羚羊分离出的BDV-4亚群毒株。第四只怀孕的岩羚羊和一只未怀孕的母羊作为阴性对照。对动物进行监测以评估临床症状、血液学、病毒血症和血清学。尸检检查包括尸体剖检、组织病理学和器官中病毒RNA的定量。所有接种动物的妊娠均未成功。一只在接种后24天（dpi）死亡，未表现出任何前驱临床症状。第二只动物从13 dpi开始出现大量腹泻，直至51 dpi死亡。第三只在46 dpi流产，并在51 dpi实施安乐死。所有动物从4 dpi直至死亡均出现病毒血症。从12 dpi开始检测到针对BDV-4的中和抗体。尸检显示全身淋巴结肿大，在一例中伴有消化道弥漫性瘀点出血。接种成年动物及其胎儿的79个器官中有78个检测到病毒RNA。成年动物的主要组织学病变为轻度淋巴细胞性脑炎，伴有中度或中度严重的淋巴细胞耗竭。对照动物在尸检时病毒（血液和器官中）、抗体和病变均为阴性。比利牛斯岩羚羊在孕期感染BDV会引发严重疾病，导致流产，随后死亡。尽管接种后胎儿全部死亡，但从感染胎儿的所有器官中均检测到病毒RNA，这表明可能会产出持续感染的后代。我们的结果可能有助于解释在几个地区报告的岩羚羊种群数量下降情况，并表明在解释野生动物的感染状况时必须格外谨慎。
