The McCaughey Centre, Melbourne School of Population Health, University of Melbourne, Level 5, 207 Bouverie St., Carlton 3053, Australia.
Soc Sci Med. 2013 Oct;95:115-27. doi: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2012.11.031. Epub 2012 Dec 19.
Racial discrimination is increasingly recognised as a determinant of racial and ethnic health inequalities, with growing evidence of strong associations between racial discrimination and adult health outcomes. There is a growing body of literature that considers the effects of racial discrimination on child and youth health. The aim of this paper is to provide a systematic review of studies that examine relationships between reported racial discrimination and child and youth health. We describe the characteristics of 121 studies identified by a comprehensive search strategy, including definitions and measurements of racial discrimination and the nature of reported associations. Most studies were published in the last seven years, used cross-sectional designs and were conducted in the United States with young people aged 12-18 years. African American, Latino/a, and Asian populations were most frequently included in these studies. Of the 461 associations examined in these studies, mental health outcomes (e.g. depression, anxiety) were most commonly reported, with statistically significant associations with racial discrimination found in 76% of outcomes examined. Statistically significant associations were also found for over 50% of associations between racial discrimination and positive mental health (e.g. self esteem, resilience), behaviour problems, wellbeing, and pregnancy/birth outcomes. The field is currently limited by a lack of longitudinal studies, limited psychometrically validated exposure instruments and poor conceptualisation and definition of racial discrimination. There is also a need to investigate the complex and varying pathways by which reported racial discrimination affect child and youth health. Ensuring study quality in this field will allow future research to reveal the complex role that racial discrimination plays as a determinant of child and youth health.
种族歧视日益被认为是导致种族和族裔健康不平等的一个决定因素，越来越多的证据表明，种族歧视与成年人的健康结果之间存在着很强的关联。越来越多的文献研究了种族歧视对儿童和青少年健康的影响。本文的目的是对研究报告中种族歧视与儿童和青少年健康之间关系的研究进行系统综述。我们描述了通过全面搜索策略确定的 121 项研究的特征，包括种族歧视的定义和测量以及报告的关联性质。大多数研究发表在过去七年，使用横断面设计，在美国进行，研究对象为 12-18 岁的年轻人。这些研究中最常包括非裔美国人、拉丁裔/人和亚裔人群。在这些研究中检查的 461 个关联中，心理健康结果（如抑郁、焦虑）最常被报告，种族歧视与 76%的检查结果存在统计学上显著关联。种族歧视与积极心理健康（如自尊、韧性）、行为问题、幸福感和怀孕/生育结果之间的 50%以上关联也存在统计学上显著关联。该领域目前受到缺乏纵向研究、暴露仪器的心理计量学验证有限以及种族歧视的概念化和定义不佳的限制。还需要研究报告的种族歧视如何通过复杂多样的途径影响儿童和青少年健康。确保该领域的研究质量将使未来的研究能够揭示出种族歧视作为儿童和青少年健康决定因素的复杂作用。
