Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
Environ Monit Assess. 2013 Aug;185(8):6751-66. doi: 10.1007/s10661-013-3062-1. Epub 2013 Jan 13.
The Thriassio plain is located 25 km west of Athens city, the capital of Greece. Two major towns (Elefsina and Aspropyrgos), heavy industry plants, medium to large-scale manufacturing, logistics plants, and agriculture comprise the main land uses of the studied area. The aim of the present study was to measure the total and available concentrations of Cr, Zn, Ni, Pb, Co, Mn, Ba, Cu, and Fe in the top soils of the plain, and to asses soil contamination by these metals by using the geoaccumulation index (I geo), the enrichment factor (EF), and the availability ratio (AR) as soil pollution indexes. Soil samples were collected from 90 sampling sites, and aqua regia and DTPA extractions were carried out to determine total and available metal forms, respectively. Median total Cr, Zn, Ni, Pb, Co, Mn, Ba, Cu, and Fe concentrations were 78, 155, 81, 112, 24, 321, 834, 38, and 16 × 10(3) mg kg(-1), respectively. The available fractions showed much lower values with medians of 0.4, 5.6, 1.7, 6.9, 0.8, 5.7, 19.8, 2.1, and 2.9 mg kg(-1). Though median total metal concentrations are not considered as particularly high, the I geo and the EF values indicate moderate to heavy soil enrichment. For certain metals such as Cr, Ni, Cu, and Ba, the different distribution patterns between the EFs and the ARs suggest different origin of the total and the available metal forms. The evaluation of the EF and AR data sets for the soils of the two towns further supports the argument that the EFs can well demonstrate the long-term history of soil pollution and that the ARs can adequately portray the recent history of soil pollution.
特里亚西奥平原位于希腊首都雅典市以西 25 公里处。两个主要城镇（埃莱夫西纳和阿斯普罗皮戈斯）、重工业工厂、中型到大型制造业、物流工厂和农业构成了研究区域的主要土地利用类型。本研究的目的是测量平原表层土壤中 Cr、Zn、Ni、Pb、Co、Mn、Ba、Cu 和 Fe 的总量和有效浓度，并使用地积累指数（Igeo）、富集因子（EF）和有效比率（AR）作为土壤污染指标来评估这些金属对土壤的污染程度。从 90 个采样点采集土壤样本，并分别进行王水和 DTPA 提取，以确定总金属和有效金属形态。Cr、Zn、Ni、Pb、Co、Mn、Ba、Cu 和 Fe 的总浓度中位数分别为 78、155、81、112、24、321、834、38 和 16×10(3)mg/kg。有效态浓度值则低得多，中位数分别为 0.4、5.6、1.7、6.9、0.8、5.7、19.8、2.1 和 2.9mg/kg。虽然总金属浓度中位数并不特别高，但 Igeo 和 EF 值表明土壤中度至重度富集。对于某些金属，如 Cr、Ni、Cu 和 Ba，EF 和 AR 之间的不同分布模式表明了总金属和有效金属形态的不同来源。对这两个城镇土壤的 EF 和 AR 数据集的评估进一步支持了以下观点，即 EF 可以很好地反映土壤污染的长期历史，而 AR 可以充分描述土壤污染的近期历史。
