Mammadov Jafar, Aggarwal Rajat, Buyyarapu Ramesh, Kumpatla Siva
Department of Trait Genetics and Technologies, Dow AgroSciences LLC, 9330 Zionsville Road, Indianapolis, IN 46268, USA.
Int J Plant Genomics. 2012;2012:728398. doi: 10.1155/2012/728398. Epub 2012 Dec 18.
The use of molecular markers has revolutionized the pace and precision of plant genetic analysis which in turn facilitated the implementation of molecular breeding of crops. The last three decades have seen tremendous advances in the evolution of marker systems and the respective detection platforms. Markers based on single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) have rapidly gained the center stage of molecular genetics during the recent years due to their abundance in the genomes and their amenability for high-throughput detection formats and platforms. Computational approaches dominate SNP discovery methods due to the ever-increasing sequence information in public databases; however, complex genomes pose special challenges in the identification of informative SNPs warranting alternative strategies in those crops. Many genotyping platforms and chemistries have become available making the use of SNPs even more attractive and efficient. This paper provides a review of historical and current efforts in the development, validation, and application of SNP markers in QTL/gene discovery and plant breeding by discussing key experimental strategies and cases exemplifying their impact.
分子标记的使用彻底改变了植物遗传分析的速度和精度，进而推动了作物分子育种的实施。在过去三十年中，标记系统及其相应检测平台的发展取得了巨大进步。近年来，基于单核苷酸多态性（SNP）的标记因其在基因组中的丰富性以及适用于高通量检测形式和平台，迅速占据了分子遗传学的核心地位。由于公共数据库中的序列信息不断增加，计算方法主导了SNP发现方法；然而，复杂基因组在鉴定信息丰富的SNP方面带来了特殊挑战，这就需要在这些作物中采用替代策略。许多基因分型平台和化学方法已经出现，使得SNP的使用更具吸引力和效率。本文通过讨论关键实验策略和举例说明其影响的案例，对SNP标记在数量性状基因座/基因发现和植物育种中的开发、验证及应用方面的历史和当前工作进行了综述。
