The Institute of Behavioural Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
Int J Lang Commun Disord. 2013 Jan;48(1):66-77. doi: 10.1111/j.1460-6984.2012.00187.x. Epub 2012 Oct 4.
Even though research has increasingly focused on the qualitative features of natural conversations, which have improved the communication therapy for hearing-impaired individuals (HI) and familiar partners (FP), very little is known about the interactions that occur outside clinical settings.
This study investigated qualitatively how both HI and FP initiated repair due to misperceptions or to a difficulty in understanding during conversations conducted at home. The HI participant's multimodal production style was adopted in the present analysis, and the frequencies were calculated for the different types of verbal repair initiations.
METHODS & PROCEDURES: Participants with acquired hearing loss (43-69 years) and their familiar partners (24-67 years) were video recorded (total time approximately 9 h) in their homes. The data consisted of eight conversational dyads. The transcription and analysis utilized Conversation Analysis.
OUTCOMES & RESULTS: A total of 209 (HI 164/FP 45) verbal repair initiations were identified. The five major types of initiations found in the data (used by both HI and FP) were: open repair initiation, targeting question word, question word with repetition, repetition, and candidate understanding. HI participants rarely explicitly verbalized their difficulty to hear, but the production style, which included a fast speech rate and 'trouble posture', indicated a sensitive routine that was visible particularly in clear misperceptions. Furthermore, the alerting action of overlapping turn taking with the FP participant's turn could be seen to reveal the depth of misperception. The individual differences between HI participants were found predominantly in the frequency of their repair initiations, but also in how they used the different types of repair initiation.
CONCLUSIONS & IMPLICATIONS: Through a deeper qualitative analysis, conversational research can provide extended knowledge of the occurrence and style of ordinary repair initiations and highlight their relationship in certain conversational environments. A robust starting point in communication therapy is increasing the awareness of HI individuals' existing skills.
尽管研究越来越关注自然对话的定性特征，这提高了听力受损者（HI）和熟悉伙伴（FP）的沟通治疗效果，但对于临床环境之外发生的互动却知之甚少。
本研究通过定性分析，研究了 HI 和 FP 在家庭对话中由于误解或理解困难而如何发起修复。本研究采用 HI 参与者的多模态生成方式，并计算了不同类型的言语修复发起的频率。
参与者为后天性听力损失者（43-69 岁）及其熟悉伙伴（24-67 岁），在其家中进行视频记录（总时间约为 9 小时）。数据包括 8 个对话对。转写和分析采用会话分析方法。
共识别出 209 次（HI 参与者 164 次，FP 参与者 45 次）言语修复发起。数据中发现的五种主要发起类型（HI 和 FP 参与者都使用）分别为：开放式修复发起、目标疑问词、带重复的疑问词、重复和候选理解。HI 参与者很少明确表达他们听力困难，但他们的生成方式，包括快速语速和“麻烦姿势”，表明了一种敏感的常规，特别是在明显的误解中很明显。此外，与 FP 参与者的轮次重叠的抢话行为，可以看出误解的深度。HI 参与者之间的个体差异主要表现在他们发起修复的频率上，但也表现在他们使用不同类型的修复发起方式上。
通过更深入的定性分析，会话研究可以提供关于普通修复发起的发生和风格的扩展知识，并强调它们在某些会话环境中的关系。沟通治疗的一个坚实起点是提高 HI 个体现有技能的意识。
