Shankweiler Donald, Palumbo Laura Conway, Fulbright Robert K, Mencl W Einar, Van Dyke Julie, Kollia Betty, Thornton Rosalind, Crain Stephen, Harris Katherine S
Haskins Laboratories, New Haven, CT, and University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA.
Aphasiology. 2010;24(11):1455-1485. doi: 10.1080/02687031003615227. Epub 2010 Aug 9.
There is still a dearth of information about grammatical aspects of language production in aphasia. AIMS: Making novel use of methods of elicited production aimed at testing the limits of competence, we studied three cases of chronic aphasia, stemming from major stroke. We asked: (1) Whether the elicited production method reveals sparing of language abilities not readily evidenced in spontaneous utterances or on conventional aphasia tests. (2) Which language production abilities survive damage to both Broca's region and Wernicke's region? MATERIALS & PROCEDURES: Targeted words, morphological and syntactic structures were elicited by sentence completion with supporting linguistic and visual context. Targets were never modelled during the procedure. For verbs, visual and auditory contexts emphasise completed actions, targeting past tense forms. Lesion description was based on structural MRI scans. OUTCOMES & RESULTS: The three participants showed partially spared ability to produce nouns, adjectives, and verb stems in context. The elicitation method proved more productive in some cases than picture prompts or sentence prompts. Past tense inflections were usually omitted. Hence stems and inflections were dissociable. Two participants showed partial success with the passive, and no participant produced a full relative clause, including the relative pronoun, but two produced reduced forms of subject relatives. Partial sparing of production capability in these cases points to the likely importance of portions of the left hemisphere remote from Broca and Wernicke regions. CONCLUSIONS: This application of elicited production methodology demonstrates possibilities of lexical, morphological, and syntactic production not evident in spontaneous utterances or by conventional aphasia tests. Some lexical and grammatical capabilities survived massive damage to both anterior and posterior portions of the left hemisphere.
关于失语症患者语言产出的语法方面，仍然缺乏相关信息。
我们创新性地运用引发性产出方法来测试能力极限，研究了三例因重大中风导致的慢性失语症病例。我们提出以下问题：（1）引发性产出方法是否能揭示出自发性言语或传统失语症测试中未明显体现的语言能力保留情况。（2）哪些语言产出能力在布洛卡区和韦尼克区均受损的情况下依然存在？
通过在语言和视觉语境支持下的句子完成任务来引出目标单词、形态和句法结构。在过程中从未对目标进行示范。对于动词，视觉和听觉语境强调已完成的动作，针对过去时态形式。病变描述基于结构磁共振成像扫描。
三名参与者在语境中表现出部分保留的名词、形容词和动词词干产出能力。在某些情况下，引发性方法比图片提示或句子提示更有效。过去时态的词尾变化通常被省略。因此，词干和词尾变化是可分离的。两名参与者在被动语态方面取得了部分成功，没有参与者产出完整的关系从句，包括关系代词，但有两名参与者产出了主语关系从句的简化形式。这些病例中产出能力的部分保留表明，左半球远离布洛卡区和韦尼克区的部分可能具有重要意义。
这种引发性产出方法的应用展示了自发言语或传统失语症测试中未体现的词汇、形态和句法产出的可能性。一些词汇和语法能力在左半球前后部均遭受严重损伤的情况下依然存在。
