Division of Entomology, Department of Zoology, School of Life Sciences, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, 641046, Tamil Nadu, India.
Parasitol Res. 2013 Apr;112(4):1385-97. doi: 10.1007/s00436-012-3269-z. Epub 2013 Jan 16.
Mosquitoes transmit serious human diseases, causing millions of deaths every year. The use of synthetic insecticides to control vector mosquitoes has caused physiological resistance and adverse environmental effects in addition to high operational cost. Insecticides of synthesized natural products for vector control have been a priority in this area. In the present study, the activity of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) synthesized using Murraya koenigii plant leaf extract against first to fourth instars larvae and pupae of Anopheles stephensi and Aedes aegypti was determined. Range of concentrations of synthesized AgNPs (5, 10, 20, 30, and 40 ppm) and ethanol leaf extract (50, 200, 350, 500, and 650 ppm) were tested against the larvae of A. stephensi and A. aegypti. The synthesized AgNPs from M. koenigii leaf were highly toxic than crude leaf ethanol extract in both mosquito species. The results were recorded from UV-Vis spectrum, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy analysis. Larvae were exposed to varying concentrations of aqueous extract of synthesized AgNPs for 24 h. The maximum mortality was observed in synthesized AgNPs, and ethanol leaf extract of M. koenigii against A. stephensi had LC50 values of 10.82, 14.67, 19.13, 24.35, and 32.09 ppm and 279.33, 334.61, 406.95, 536.11, and 700.16 ppm and LC90 values of 32.38, 42.52, 53.65, 63.51, and 75.26 ppm and 737.37, 843.84, 907.67, 1,187.62, and 1,421.13 ppm. A. aegypti had LC50 values of 13.34, 17.19, 22.03, 27.57, and 34.84 ppm and 314.29, 374.95, 461.01, 606.50, and 774.01 ppm and LC90 values of 36.98, 47.67, 55.95, 67.36, and 77.72 ppm and 777.32, 891.16, 1,021.90, 1,273.06, and 1,509.18 ppm, respectively. These results suggest that the use of M. koenigii synthesized silver nanoparticles can be a rapid, environmentally safer biopesticide which can form a novel approach to develop effective biocides for controlling the target vector mosquitoes.
蚊子传播严重的人类疾病，每年导致数百万人死亡。除了高运营成本外，使用合成杀虫剂来控制病媒蚊子还导致了生理抗性和不利的环境影响。合成天然产物杀虫剂已成为该领域的优先事项。在本研究中，使用 Murraya koenigii 植物叶提取物合成的银纳米颗粒（AgNPs）对第一至第四龄期 Anopheles stephensi 和 Aedes aegypti 幼虫和蛹的活性进行了测定。测试了不同浓度的合成 AgNPs（5、10、20、30 和 40 ppm）和乙醇叶提取物（50、200、350、500 和 650 ppm）对 A. stephensi 和 A. aegypti 幼虫的作用。M. koenigii 叶合成的 AgNPs 比粗叶乙醇提取物在两种蚊子中都具有更高的毒性。结果从紫外可见光谱、傅里叶变换红外光谱、扫描电子显微镜和能量色散 X 射线光谱分析中得到。幼虫暴露于不同浓度的合成 AgNPs 水溶液中 24 小时。在合成 AgNPs 和 M. koenigii 乙醇叶提取物中观察到最大死亡率，对 A. stephensi 的 LC50 值分别为 10.82、14.67、19.13、24.35 和 32.09 ppm 和 279.33、334.61、406.95、536.11 和 700.16 ppm，LC90 值分别为 32.38、42.52、53.65、63.51 和 75.26 ppm 和 737.37、843.84、907.67、1,187.62 和 1,421.13 ppm。A. aegypti 的 LC50 值分别为 13.34、17.19、22.03、27.57 和 34.84 ppm 和 314.29、374.95、461.01、606.50 和 774.01 ppm，LC90 值分别为 36.98、47.67、55.95、67.36 和 77.72 ppm 和 777.32、891.16、1,021.90、1,273.06 和 1,509.18 ppm。这些结果表明，使用 M. koenigii 合成的银纳米颗粒可以作为一种快速、环境更安全的生物农药，为控制目标病媒蚊子开发有效的生物杀灭剂提供了一种新方法。
