Department of Artificial Intelligence, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
Cogn Sci. 2013 Jan-Feb;37(1):146-75. doi: 10.1111/cogs.12001.
Complex problem solving is often an integration of perceptual processing and deliberate planning. But what balances these two processes, and how do novices differ from experts? We investigate the interplay between these two in the game of SET. This article investigates how people combine bottom-up visual processes and top-down planning to succeed in this game. Using combinatorial and mixed-effect regression analysis of eye-movement protocols and a cognitive model of a human player, we show that SET players deploy both bottom-up and top-down processes in parallel to accomplish the same task. The combination of competition and cooperation of both types of processes is a major factor of success in the game. Finally, we explore strategies players use during the game. Our findings suggest that within-trial strategy shifts can occur without the need of explicit meta-cognitive control, but rather implicitly as a result of evolving memory activations.
复杂问题解决通常是感知处理和刻意规划的综合。但是，是什么平衡了这两个过程，新手和专家有什么不同呢？我们在 SET 游戏中研究这两个过程的相互作用。本文研究了人们如何将自下而上的视觉过程和自上而下的规划结合起来，成功完成这个游戏。我们使用眼动协议的组合和混合效应回归分析以及人类玩家的认知模型，表明 SET 玩家在执行相同任务时同时使用自下而上和自上而下的过程。两种类型的过程的竞争和合作的结合是游戏成功的一个主要因素。最后，我们探索了玩家在游戏中使用的策略。我们的研究结果表明，在不需要明确元认知控制的情况下，在试内策略转移也可以发生，而是作为记忆激活演变的结果隐式发生。
