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Trends in carbohydrate, fat, and protein intakes and association with energy intake in normal-weight, overweight, and obese individuals: 1971-2006.正常体重、超重和肥胖人群中碳水化合物、脂肪和蛋白质摄入量的变化趋势及其与能量摄入量的关系：1971-2006 年。
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Trend and prevalence estimates based on the 2008 Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans.基于 2008 年《美国人体育活动指南》的趋势和流行率估计。
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四十年来按体重状况划分的能量和常量营养素摄入量趋势。

Trends in energy and macronutrient intakes by weight status over four decades.

作者信息

Yancy William S, Wang Chi-Chuan, Maciejewski Matthew L

机构信息

1 Center for Health Services Research in Primary Care, Department of Veterans Affairs, HSR&D (152), VA Medical Center, 508 Fulton Street, Durham, NC 27705, USA.

3 Research Triangle Institute, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA.

出版信息

Public Health Nutr. 2014 Feb;17(2):256-65. doi: 10.1017/S1368980012005423. Epub 2013 Jan 16.

DOI:10.1017/S1368980012005423
PMID:23324441
原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10282219/
Abstract

OBJECTIVE

To examine whether the recent increasing prevalence of obesity was accompanied by variations in energy and macronutrient intakes by weight status.

DESIGN

Time series of cross-sectional surveys.

SETTING

National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES) in the USA.

SUBJECTS

Adult participants of NHANES I (1971-1974), II (1976-1980), III (1988-1994) and continuous (1999-2004).

RESULTS

Daily energy intake increased over time for men (9832 to 11 652 kJ, P < 0·01) and women (6418 to 8142 kJ, P < 0·01) in all BMI classes. Percentage of energy intake from carbohydrate increased over time (men: 42·7% to 48·0%, P < 0·01; women: 45·4% to 50·6%, P < 0·01), whereas percentage of energy intake from fat (men: 36·7% to 33·1%, P < 0·01; women: 36·1% to 33·8%, P < 0·01) and protein (men: 16·4% to 15·1%, P < 0·01; women: 16·9% to 14·7%, P < 0·01) decreased. With surveys combined, daily energy intake varied among BMI classes for women (underweight/normal weight: 7460 kJ; overweight: 6799 kJ; obese I: 7033 kJ; obese II/III: 7401 kJ; P < 0·01) but not men. Percentage of energy intake from carbohydrate decreased with increasing BMI class (men: 46·6% to 45·5%, P < 0·01; women: 49·0% to 48·6%, P < 0·01) whereas percentage of energy intake from fat (men: 34·3% to 36·5%, P < 0·01; women: 34·4% to 35·4%, P < 0·01) and protein (men: 15·3% to 16·5%, P < 0·01; women: 15·2% to 16·0%, P < 0·01) increased. Interactions of survey period and BMI class were not statistically significant.

CONCLUSIONS

Time trends in energy and macronutrient intakes were similar across BMI classes. Research examining how individuals respond differently to varying dietary compositions may provide greater insight about contributors to the rise in obesity.

摘要

目的

研究近期肥胖患病率的上升是否伴随着不同体重状况下能量及宏量营养素摄入量的变化。

设计

横断面调查的时间序列研究。

地点

美国国家健康与营养检查调查（NHANES）。

研究对象

NHANES I（1971 - 1974年）、II（1976 - 1980年）、III（1988 - 1994年）以及连续调查（1999 - 2004年）的成年参与者。

结果

在所有体重指数（BMI）类别中，男性（从9832千焦增至11652千焦，P < 0.01）和女性（从6418千焦增至8142千焦，P < 0.01）的每日能量摄入量随时间增加。碳水化合物能量摄入量的百分比随时间增加（男性：从42.7%增至48.0%，P < 0.01；女性：从45.4%增至50.6%，P < 0.01），而脂肪（男性：从36.7%降至33.1%，P < 0.01；女性：从36.1%降至33.8%，P < 0.01）和蛋白质（男性：从16.4%降至15.1%，P < 0.01；女性：从16.9%降至14.7%，P < 0.01）能量摄入量的百分比下降。综合各项调查，女性不同BMI类别间的每日能量摄入量存在差异（体重过轻/正常体重：7460千焦；超重：6,799千焦；肥胖I级：7033千焦；肥胖II/III级：7401千焦；P < 0.01），但男性不存在差异。碳水化合物能量摄入量的百分比随BMI等级升高而降低（男性：从46.6%降至45.5%，P < 0.01；女性：从49.0%降至48.6%，P < 0.01），而脂肪（男性：从34.3%增至36.5%，P < 0.01；女性：从34.4%增至35.4%，P < 0.01）和蛋白质（男性：从15.3%增至16.5%，P < 0.01；女性：从15.2%增至16.0%，P < 0.01）能量摄入量的百分比增加。调查时期与BMI类别的交互作用无统计学意义。

结论

不同BMI类别中能量及宏量营养素摄入量的时间趋势相似。研究个体对不同饮食组成的不同反应，可能有助于更深入了解肥胖率上升的原因。