Martínez Patricio, Gálvez Sebastián, Ohtsuka Norimasa, Budinich Marko, Cortés María Paz, Serpell Cristián, Nakahigashi Kenji, Hirayama Akiyoshi, Tomita Masaru, Soga Tomoyoshi, Martínez Servet, Maass Alejandro, Parada Pilar
BioSigma S.A., Loteo Los Libertadores, Lote 106, Colina, Chile.
Metabolomics. 2013 Feb;9(1):247-257. doi: 10.1007/s11306-012-0443-3. Epub 2012 Jul 21.
In this study, we present the first metabolic profiles for two bioleaching bacteria using capillary electrophoresis coupled with mass spectrometry. The bacteria, Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans strain Wenelen (DSM 16786) and Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans strain Licanantay (DSM 17318), were sampled at different growth phases and on different substrates: the former was grown with iron and sulfur, and the latter with sulfur and chalcopyrite. Metabolic profiles were scored from planktonic and sessile states. Spermidine was detected in intra- and extracellular samples for both strains, suggesting it has an important role in biofilm formation in the presence of solid substrate. The canonical pathway for spermidine synthesis seems absent as its upstream precursor, putrescine, was not present in samples. Glutathione, a catalytic activator of elemental sulfur, was identified as one of the most abundant metabolites in the intracellular space in A. thiooxidans strain Licanantay, confirming its participation in the sulfur oxidation pathway. Amino acid profiles varied according to the growth conditions and bioleaching species. Glutamic and aspartic acid were highly abundant in intra- and extracellular extracts. Both are constituents of the extracellular matrix, and have a probable role in cell detoxification. This novel metabolomic information validates previous knowledge from in silico metabolic reconstructions based on genomic sequences, and reveals important biomining functions such as biofilm formation, energy management and stress responses. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s11306-012-0443-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
在本研究中，我们首次使用毛细管电泳结合质谱法呈现了两种生物浸出细菌的代谢谱。这两种细菌分别是嗜酸性氧化亚铁硫杆菌温内伦菌株（DSM 16786）和嗜酸性氧化硫硫杆菌利卡南泰菌株（DSM 17318），在不同生长阶段和不同底物上进行采样：前者在铁和硫的环境中生长，后者在硫和黄铜矿的环境中生长。代谢谱从浮游态和固着态进行评分。在两种菌株的细胞内和细胞外样本中均检测到亚精胺，这表明在存在固体底物的情况下，亚精胺在生物膜形成中具有重要作用。由于其上游前体腐胺在样本中不存在，亚精胺合成的经典途径似乎不存在。谷胱甘肽是元素硫的催化激活剂，被确定为嗜酸性氧化硫硫杆菌利卡南泰菌株细胞内空间中最丰富的代谢物之一，证实了其参与硫氧化途径。氨基酸谱根据生长条件和生物浸出物种而有所不同。谷氨酸和天冬氨酸在细胞内和细胞外提取物中含量极高。两者都是细胞外基质的组成成分，可能在细胞解毒中发挥作用。这些新的代谢组学信息验证了基于基因组序列的计算机代谢重建的先前知识，并揭示了重要的生物采矿功能，如生物膜形成、能量管理和应激反应。电子补充材料：本文的在线版本（doi:10.1007/s11306-012-0443-3）包含补充材料，授权用户可获取。
