Shen Hsin-Hui, Lithgow Trevor, Martin Lisa
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Melbourne 3800, Australia.
Int J Mol Sci. 2013 Jan 14;14(1):1589-607. doi: 10.3390/ijms14011589.
The function of any given biological membrane is determined largely by the specific set of integral membrane proteins embedded in it, and the peripheral membrane proteins attached to the membrane surface. The activity of these proteins, in turn, can be modulated by the phospholipid composition of the membrane. The reconstitution of membrane proteins into a model membrane allows investigation of individual features and activities of a given cell membrane component. However, the activity of membrane proteins is often difficult to sustain following reconstitution, since the composition of the model phospholipid bilayer differs from that of the native cell membrane. This review will discuss the reconstitution of membrane protein activities in four different types of model membrane - monolayers, supported lipid bilayers, liposomes and nanodiscs, comparing their advantages in membrane protein reconstitution. Variation in the surrounding model environments for these four different types of membrane layer can affect the three-dimensional structure of reconstituted proteins and may possibly lead to loss of the proteins activity. We also discuss examples where the same membrane proteins have been successfully reconstituted into two or more model membrane systems with comparison of the observed activity in each system. Understanding of the behavioral changes for proteins in model membrane systems after membrane reconstitution is often a prerequisite to protein research. It is essential to find better solutions for retaining membrane protein activities for measurement and characterization in vitro.
任何特定生物膜的功能很大程度上取决于嵌入其中的特定整合膜蛋白以及附着在膜表面的外周膜蛋白。反过来，这些蛋白质的活性又可以被膜的磷脂组成所调节。将膜蛋白重组到模型膜中，可以研究给定细胞膜成分的个体特征和活性。然而，重组后膜蛋白的活性往往难以维持，因为模型磷脂双层的组成与天然细胞膜不同。本文综述将讨论膜蛋白活性在四种不同类型模型膜（单层膜、支撑脂质双层、脂质体和纳米盘）中的重组情况，比较它们在膜蛋白重组方面的优势。这四种不同类型膜层周围模型环境的变化会影响重组蛋白的三维结构，并可能导致蛋白活性丧失。我们还将讨论同一膜蛋白已成功重组到两个或更多模型膜系统中的例子，并比较每个系统中观察到的活性。了解膜重组后模型膜系统中蛋白质的行为变化通常是蛋白质研究的先决条件。找到更好的解决方案以保留膜蛋白活性用于体外测量和表征至关重要。
