Faculty of Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of Balamand, Tripoli P.O. Box 100, Lebanon.
CNRS, CINaM (Centre Interdisciplinaire de Nanosciences de Marseille), Campus de Luminy, Case 913, Aix-Marseille University, CEDEX 09, F-13288 Marseille, France.
Molecules. 2023 Oct 19;28(20):7176. doi: 10.3390/molecules28207176.
In eukaryotic cells, membrane proteins play a crucial role. They fall into three categories: intrinsic proteins, extrinsic proteins, and proteins that are essential to the human genome (30% of which is devoted to encoding them). Hydrophobic interactions inside the membrane serve to stabilize integral proteins, which span the lipid bilayer. This review investigates a number of computational and experimental methods used to study membrane proteins. It encompasses a variety of technologies, including electrophoresis, X-ray crystallography, cryogenic electron microscopy (cryo-EM), nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR), biophysical methods, computational methods, and artificial intelligence. The link between structure and function of membrane proteins has been better understood thanks to these approaches, which also hold great promise for future study in the field. The significance of fusing artificial intelligence with experimental data to improve our comprehension of membrane protein biology is also covered in this paper. This effort aims to shed light on the complexity of membrane protein biology by investigating a variety of experimental and computational methods. Overall, the goal of this review is to emphasize how crucial it is to understand the functions of membrane proteins in eukaryotic cells. It gives a general review of the numerous methods used to look into these crucial elements and highlights the demand for multidisciplinary approaches to advance our understanding.
在真核细胞中，膜蛋白起着至关重要的作用。它们分为三类：内在蛋白、外在蛋白和对人类基因组至关重要的蛋白（其中 30%用于编码它们）。膜内的疏水相互作用有助于稳定跨膜脂质双层的整合蛋白。本综述研究了用于研究膜蛋白的多种计算和实验方法。它涵盖了多种技术，包括电泳、X 射线晶体学、低温电子显微镜（cryo-EM）、核磁共振波谱学（NMR）、生物物理方法、计算方法和人工智能。这些方法更好地理解了膜蛋白的结构与功能之间的联系，也为该领域未来的研究提供了很大的希望。本文还探讨了将人工智能与实验数据融合以提高我们对膜蛋白生物学理解的重要性。这项工作旨在通过研究多种实验和计算方法来揭示膜蛋白生物学的复杂性。总的来说，本综述强调了理解真核细胞中膜蛋白功能的重要性。它对研究这些关键因素的多种方法进行了概述，并强调了需要采用多学科方法来推进我们的理解。
