Krefting Research Centre / Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
Allergy. 2013 Mar;68(3):347-54. doi: 10.1111/all.12095. Epub 2013 Jan 25.
The harmful effects of tobacco smoke on human health, including respiratory health, are extensive and well documented. Previous data on the effect of smoking on rhinitis and allergic sensitization are inconsistent. We sought to investigate how smoking correlates with prevalence of allergic and chronic rhinitis among adults in Sweden.
The study population comprised 27 879 subjects derived from three large randomly selected cross-sectional population surveys conducted in Sweden between 2006 and 2008. The same postal questionnaire on respiratory health was used in the three surveys, containing questions about obstructive respiratory diseases, rhinitis, respiratory symptoms and possible determinants of disease, including smoking habits. A random sample from one of the cohorts underwent a clinical examination including skin prick testing.
Smoking was associated with a high prevalence of chronic rhinitis in both men and women and a low prevalence of allergic rhinitis in men. These associations were dose dependent and remained when adjusted for a number of possible confounders in multiple logistic regression analysis. Prevalence of chronic rhinitis was lowest in nonsmokers and highest in very heavy smokers (18.5% vs 34.5%, P < 0.001). Prevalence of sensitization to common airborne allergens was lower in current smokers (25.9%, P = 0.008) and ex-smokers (28.2%, P = 0.022) than in nonsmokers (38.5%).
We found that smoking was associated with a high prevalence of chronic rhinitis in both sexes and a low prevalence of allergic rhinitis in men. The associations were dose dependent and remained when adjusting for several possible confounders.
烟草烟雾对人类健康的有害影响，包括呼吸道健康，广泛而有据可查。先前关于吸烟对鼻炎和过敏敏化影响的数据不一致。我们试图研究吸烟如何与瑞典成年人过敏性和慢性鼻炎的患病率相关。
研究人群包括 2006 年至 2008 年期间在瑞典进行的三项大型随机横断面人群调查中得出的 27879 名受试者。这三项调查均使用了相同的关于呼吸道健康的邮寄问卷，其中包含有关阻塞性呼吸道疾病、鼻炎、呼吸道症状和可能的疾病决定因素的问题，包括吸烟习惯。其中一个队列的随机样本接受了包括皮肤点刺测试在内的临床检查。
吸烟与男性和女性慢性鼻炎的高患病率以及男性过敏性鼻炎的低患病率相关。这些关联是剂量依赖性的，并且在多项逻辑回归分析中调整了许多可能的混杂因素后仍然存在。非吸烟者的慢性鼻炎患病率最低，而非常重度吸烟者的患病率最高（18.5%比 34.5%，P <0.001）。当前吸烟者（25.9%，P=0.008）和前吸烟者（28.2%，P=0.022）对常见空气传播过敏原的致敏率低于非吸烟者（38.5%）。
我们发现吸烟与两性慢性鼻炎的高患病率以及男性过敏性鼻炎的低患病率相关。这些关联是剂量依赖性的，并且在调整了几个可能的混杂因素后仍然存在。
