Minton Allen P
Section on Physical Biochemistry, Laboratory of Biochemistry and Genetics, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD.
Biopolymers. 2013 Apr;99(4):239-44. doi: 10.1002/bip.22163.
The term "macromolecular crowding" denotes the combined effects of high volume fractions of nominally unrelated macromolecules upon the equilibrium and transport properties of all macrosolutes, dilute as well as concentrated, in the crowded medium. We present a formal partitioning of the total crowding effect into contributions from steric exclusion (excluded volume) and weak, nonspecific attractive interactions between a concentrated "crowding agent" and reactant and product species present at trace concentration. A numerical example of the combined effect of both steric and chemical interactions between crowder and tracer upon the reversible dimerization of tracer is presented, based upon reasonable estimates of the magnitude of both repulsive and attractive interactions between tracer and crowder species.
“大分子拥挤”一词指的是在拥挤介质中,高体积分数的名义上不相关的大分子对所有大分子溶质(包括稀溶液和浓溶液)的平衡和传输性质的综合影响。我们将总拥挤效应正式划分为空间排斥(排除体积)的贡献,以及高浓度“拥挤剂”与痕量浓度下存在的反应物和产物物种之间的弱非特异性吸引相互作用。基于对示踪剂与拥挤剂物种之间排斥和吸引相互作用大小的合理估计,给出了拥挤剂与示踪剂之间空间和化学相互作用对示踪剂可逆二聚化综合影响的数值示例。