Department of Zoology, Ohio Wesleyan University, Delaware, OH 43015, USA.
Trends Genet. 2013 Jun;29(6):348-57. doi: 10.1016/j.tig.2012.12.007. Epub 2013 Jan 23.
Variation in voluntary exercise behavior is an important determinant of long-term human health. Increased physical activity is used as a preventative measure or therapeutic intervention for disease, and a sedentary lifestyle has generally been viewed as unhealthy. Predisposition to engage in voluntary activity is heritable and induces protective metabolic changes, but its complex genetic/genomic architecture has only recently begun to emerge. We first present a brief historical perspective and summary of the known benefits of voluntary exercise. Second, we describe human and mouse model studies using genomic and transcriptomic approaches to reveal the genetic architecture of exercise. Third, we discuss the merging of genomic information and physiological observations, revealing systems and networks that lead to a more complete mechanistic understanding of how exercise protects against disease pathogenesis. Finally, we explore potential regulation of physical activity through epigenetic mechanisms, including those that persist across multiple generations.
自愿运动行为的变化是长期人类健康的一个重要决定因素。增加身体活动被用作疾病的预防措施或治疗干预措施，而久坐的生活方式通常被认为是不健康的。参与自愿活动的倾向是可遗传的，并诱导保护性代谢变化，但它的复杂的遗传/基因组结构直到最近才开始显现。我们首先简要介绍一下自愿运动的历史背景和已知的益处。其次，我们描述了使用基因组和转录组方法的人类和小鼠模型研究，揭示了运动的遗传结构。第三，我们讨论了基因组信息和生理观察的融合，揭示了导致对运动如何预防疾病发病机制的更完整的机制理解的系统和网络。最后，我们探讨了通过表观遗传机制调节体力活动的潜力，包括那些在多个世代中持续存在的机制。
