Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas, USA.
J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater. 2013 Jul;101(5):813-25. doi: 10.1002/jbm.b.32885. Epub 2013 Jan 29.
Porous polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) has been used as an alloplastic bone substitute in the craniofacial complex, showing integration with the surrounding soft and hard tissue. This study investigated the physicochemical properties of curing and cured mixtures of a PMMA-based bone cement and a carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) gel porogen. Four formulations yielding porous PMMA of varied porosity were examined; specifically, two groups containing 30% (w/w) CMC gel in the mixture using a 7% (w/v) or 9% (w/v) stock CMC gel (30-7 and 30-9, respectively) and two groups containing 40% (w/w) CMC gel (40-7 and 40-9). An additional group comprising solid PMMA without CMC was investigated. The incorporation of the CMC gel into the PMMA bone cement during polymerization decreased the setting time from 608 ± 12 s for the solid PMMA to 427 ± 10 s for the 40-9 group, and decreased the maximum temperature from 81 ± 4°C for the solid PMMA to 38 ± 2°C for the 40-9 group. The porous PMMA groups exhibited reduced compressive strength and bending modulus and strength relative to the solid PMMA. All the porous PMMA formulations released more unconverted methylmethacrylate (MMA) monomer and N,N-dimethyl-p-toluidine (DMT) from cured specimens and less MMA and DMT from curing specimens than the solid PMMA. The data suggest that the physicochemical properties of the porous PMMA formulations are appropriate for their application in craniofacial space maintenance.
多孔聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯（PMMA）已被用作颅面复合体的异质骨替代品，与周围的软、硬组织具有整合性。本研究调查了基于 PMMA 的骨水泥和羧甲基纤维素（CMC）凝胶致孔剂的固化和固化混合物的物理化学性质。研究了四种致孔 PMMA 的配方，分别具有不同的孔隙率；具体而言，两组混合物中含有 30%（w/w）CMC 凝胶，使用的 CMC 凝胶浓度分别为 7%（w/v）或 9%（w/v）（分别为 30-7 和 30-9），两组混合物中含有 40%（w/w）CMC 凝胶（40-7 和 40-9）。还研究了包含无 CMC 的固体 PMMA 的一组。在聚合过程中，将 CMC 凝胶掺入 PMMA 骨水泥中，将固体 PMMA 的凝固时间从 608 ± 12 s 降低至 40-9 组的 427 ± 10 s，将最大温度从固体 PMMA 的 81 ± 4°C 降低至 40-9 组的 38 ± 2°C。与固体 PMMA 相比，多孔 PMMA 组的抗压强度、弯曲模量和强度均降低。与固体 PMMA 相比，所有多孔 PMMA 配方从固化标本中释放出更多未转化的甲基丙烯酸甲酯（MMA）单体和 N，N-二甲基对甲苯胺（DMT），从固化标本中释放出更少的 MMA 和 DMT。数据表明，多孔 PMMA 配方的物理化学性质适合其在颅面间隙维持中的应用。
