University of New South Wales, Pharmacology, Sydney, Australia.
J Sports Sci. 2013;31(9):1024-9. doi: 10.1080/02640414.2012.762984. Epub 2013 Jan 30.
Major individual differences in the maximal oxygen uptake response to aerobic training have been documented. Vagal influence on the heart has been shown to contribute to changes in aerobic fitness. Whether vagal influence on the heart also predicts maximal oxygen uptake response to interval-sprinting training, however, is undetermined. Thus, the relationship between baseline vagal activity and the maximal oxygen uptake response to interval-sprinting training was examined. Exercisers (n = 16) exercised three times a week for 12 weeks, whereas controls did no exercise (n = 16). Interval-sprinting consisted of 20 min of intermittent sprinting on a cycle ergometer (8 s sprint, 12 s recovery). Maximal oxygen uptake was assessed using open-circuit spirometry. Vagal influence was assessed through frequency analysis of heart rate variability. Participants were aged 22 ± 4.5 years and had a body mass of 72.7 ± 18.9 kg, a body mass index of 26.9 ± 3.9 kg · m(-2), and a maximal oxygen uptake of 28 ± 7.4 ml · kg(-1) · min(-1). Overall increase in maximal oxygen uptake after the training programme, despite being anaerobic in nature, was 19 ± 1.2%. Change in maximal oxygen uptake was correlated with initial baseline heart rate variability high-frequency power in normalised units (r = 0.58; P < 0.05). Thus, cardiac vagal modulation of heart rate was associated with the aerobic training response after 12 weeks of high-intensity intermittent-exercise. The mechanisms underlying the relationship between the aerobic training response and resting heart rate variability need to be established before practical implications can be identified.
已经有文献记录表明，个体在最大摄氧量对有氧运动的反应中存在较大差异。迷走神经对心脏的影响已被证明有助于有氧运动能力的变化。然而，迷走神经对心脏的影响是否也能预测间歇冲刺训练的最大摄氧量反应，目前尚不清楚。因此，本研究旨在探讨静息时迷走神经活动与间歇冲刺训练的最大摄氧量反应之间的关系。实验组（n=16）每周锻炼 3 次，共 12 周，而对照组不进行任何运动（n=16）。间歇冲刺训练包括在功率自行车上进行 20 分钟的间歇性冲刺（8 秒冲刺，12 秒恢复）。最大摄氧量通过开路肺活量计进行评估。通过心率变异性的频率分析评估迷走神经的影响。参与者的年龄为 22 ± 4.5 岁，体重为 72.7 ± 18.9kg，体重指数为 26.9 ± 3.9kg·m(-2)，最大摄氧量为 28 ± 7.4ml·kg(-1)·min(-1)。尽管间歇冲刺训练是无氧性质的，但训练计划后最大摄氧量的总体增加量为 19 ± 1.2%。最大摄氧量的变化与初始静息心率变异性高频功率呈正相关（r=0.58；P<0.05）。因此，在 12 周高强度间歇运动后，心脏自主神经对心率的调节与有氧运动反应有关。在确定实际意义之前，需要确定有氧运动反应与静息心率变异性之间的关系的机制。
