1Brazilian Army Research Institute of Physical Fitness, Rio de Janeiro, BRAZIL; 2Physical Education Graduate Program, Gama Filho University, Rio de Janeiro, BRAZIL; 3Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, BRAZIL; 4Department of Kinesiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT; and 5Physical Activity and Health Promotion Laboratory, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, BRAZIL.
Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2015 Jun;47(6):1159-67. doi: 10.1249/MSS.0000000000000532.
Resting cardiac vagal modulation (RCVM) and postexercise vagal reactivation (PEVR) are markers of parasympathetic activity. We investigated whether adaptations in these markers to aerobic training are influenced by baseline autonomic control.
Forty healthy men (19.2 ± 0.8 yr) of similar cardiorespiratory fitness (VO₂peak = 50.4 ± 5.7 mL·kg⁻¹·min⁻¹) completed the study, being matched for autonomic activity and randomized into four groups: training low-RCVM (TL; n = 11, high-frequency power component [HF] = 48.1 ± 8.2 normalized units [n.u.]) and high-RCVM (TH; n = 11, HF = 63.1 ± 5.9 n.u.) and nonexercise control low-RCVM (CL; n = 9, HF = 47.1 ± 7.5 n.u) and high-RCVM (CH; n = 9, HF = 65.5 ± 8.3 n.u.). Aerobic training groups exercised 3 d·wk⁻¹ for 40 min at 75%-85% HR reserve for 12 wk. Before and after the training period, sequences of 5-min R-R intervals were recorded at rest and immediately after maximal treadmill test to estimate (a) RCVM (HF) and (b) PEVR (root mean square of successive R-R differences-rMSSD(3-5min) = mean value from 3 to 5 min of recovery).
Training improved VO₂peak in TL (11.7% ± 5.4%, P < 0.01) and TH (7.0% ± 2.9%, P < 0.01), with no difference between groups (P = 0.70), but not in CL (0.8% ± 3.9%) and CH (1.8% ± 6.2%, P = 0.90). Only TL increased RCVM (56.6 ± 13.3 n.u., P = 0.03), approaching TH level (58.9 ± 12.3 n.u.; P = 0.60); rMSSD(3-5min) increased in both training groups (P < 0.01) but not in controls (P = 0.99). Relative changes in RCVM (ΔHF%) and PEVR (ΔrMSSD(3-5min)%) were significantly correlated in TL (r = 0.61, P = 0.04).
PEVR after exercise increased in both exercise training groups, whereas RCVM increased only in the group with low vagal activity at baseline. Vagal reactivation may be improved by aerobic training, even when basal activity remains unaltered.
静息心脏迷走神经调节（RCVM）和运动后迷走神经再激活（PEVR）是副交感活性的标志物。我们研究了这些标志物对有氧运动训练的适应是否受基线自主神经控制的影响。
40 名健康男性（19.2±0.8 岁）具有相似的心肺功能（峰值 VO₂=50.4±5.7mL·kg⁻¹·min⁻¹），根据自主神经活动进行匹配，并随机分为四组：低 RCVM 训练组（TL；n=11，高频功率成分[HF] = 48.1±8.2 归一化单位[n.u.]）和高 RCVM 训练组（TH；n=11，HF = 63.1±5.9 n.u.）和非运动对照组低 RCVM（CL；n=9，HF = 47.1±7.5 n.u.）和高 RCVM（CH；n=9，HF = 65.5±8.3 n.u.）。有氧运动训练组每周运动 3 天，每天 40 分钟，强度为 75%-85%的心率储备，持续 12 周。在训练前和训练后，在休息时和最大跑步机测试后立即记录 5 分钟的 R-R 间隔序列，以估计（a）RCVM（HF）和（b）PEVR（连续 R-R 差异的均方根-rMSSD（3-5min）=恢复 3 至 5 分钟的平均值）。
TL（11.7%±5.4%，P<0.01）和 TH（7.0%±2.9%，P<0.01）的 VO₂peak 均有改善，组间无差异（P=0.70），但 CL（0.8%±3.9%）和 CH（1.8%±6.2%，P=0.90）无改善。只有 TL 增加了 RCVM（56.6±13.3 n.u.，P=0.03），接近 TH 水平（58.9±12.3 n.u.；P=0.60）；rMSSD（3-5min）在两组训练组中均增加（P<0.01），但在对照组中无增加（P=0.99）。TL 中 RCVM（ΔHF%）和 PEVR（ΔrMSSD（3-5min）%）的相对变化显著相关（r=0.61，P=0.04）。
运动后 PEVR 在两组运动训练组中均增加，而 RCVM 仅在基线时迷走神经活性较低的组中增加。即使基础活动保持不变，有氧运动训练也可以改善迷走神经再激活。
