Gerontology Research Center and Department of Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, FIN - 40014, Jyväskylä, Finland.
J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2013 Aug;68(8):984-91. doi: 10.1093/gerona/gls339. Epub 2013 Jan 31.
Stress has damaging effects on individual's health. However, information about the long-term consequences of mental stress is scarce.
This 28-year prospective cohort study examined on the associations between midlife stress and old age disability among 2,994 Finnish municipal professionals aged 44-58 years at baseline. Self-reported stress symptoms were assessed at baseline in 1981 and 4 years later in 1985 and perceived disability in 2009. For the baseline data, principal component analysis was used for differentiation into stress symptom profiles. The regression coefficient estimates for self-care disability (activities of daily living) and instrumental activities of daily living disability were estimated using left-censored regression. The odds ratios for mobility limitation were estimated using logistic regression.
Four midlife stress profiles were identified: negative reactions to work and depressiveness, perceived decrease in cognition, sleep disturbances, and somatic symptoms. We saw a clear gradient of increasing disability severity in old age for increasing intensity of midlife stress symptoms. In comparison with the participants with no stress symptoms, the extensively adjusted left-censored and logistic regression models showed that in old age, disability scores were almost 2-4 units higher and risk for mobility limitation was 2-3 times higher for those with constant stress symptoms in midlife.
Among occupationally active 44- to 58-year-old men and women, perceived stress symptoms in midlife correlated with disability 28 years later. Stress symptoms may be the first signs of decompensation of individual functioning relative to environmental demands, which may later manifest in disabilities.
压力对个人健康有不良影响。然而，关于精神压力的长期后果的信息却很少。
本 28 年前瞻性队列研究考察了中年压力与 2994 名芬兰市职业人员晚年残疾之间的关系，这些人员在基线时年龄为 44-58 岁。自我报告的压力症状在 1981 年基线时和 4 年后的 1985 年进行评估，并在 2009 年评估感知残疾。对于基线数据，使用主成分分析将其分为压力症状特征。使用左删失回归估计自我护理残疾（日常生活活动）和工具性日常生活活动残疾的回归系数估计值。使用逻辑回归估计移动受限的比值比。
确定了四种中年压力特征：对工作的负面反应和抑郁、感知认知能力下降、睡眠障碍和躯体症状。我们看到，随着中年压力症状强度的增加，晚年残疾严重程度呈明显梯度增加。与无压力症状的参与者相比，经过充分调整的左删失和逻辑回归模型表明，与中年时持续存在压力症状的参与者相比，晚年的残疾评分几乎高 2-4 个单位，移动受限的风险高 2-3 倍。
在职业活跃的 44-58 岁男性和女性中，中年时感知到的压力症状与 28 年后的残疾相关。压力症状可能是个体相对于环境需求的功能失调的最初迹象，随后可能表现为残疾。
