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科学出版中的剽窃行为。

Plagiarism in scientific publishing.

作者信息

Masic Izet

机构信息

Faculty of medicine, University of Sarajevo, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina.

出版信息

Acta Inform Med. 2012 Dec;20(4):208-13. doi: 10.5455/aim.2012.20.208-213.

Abstract

Scientific publishing is the ultimate product of scientist work. Number of publications and their quoting are measures of scientist success while unpublished researches are invisible to the scientific community, and as such nonexistent. Researchers in their work rely on their predecessors, while the extent of use of one scientist work, as a source for the work of other authors is the verification of its contributions to the growth of human knowledge. If the author has published an article in a scientific journal it cannot publish the article in any other journal h with a few minor adjustments or without quoting parts of the first article, which are used in another article. Copyright infringement occurs when the author of a new article with or without the mentioning the author used substantial portions of previously published articles, including tables and figures. Scientific institutions and universities should,in accordance with the principles of Good Scientific Practice (GSP) and Good Laboratory Practices (GLP) have a center for monitoring,security, promotion and development of quality research. Establish rules and compliance to rules of good scientific practice are the obligations of each research institutions,universities and every individual-researchers,regardless of which area of science is investigated. In this way, internal quality control ensures that a research institution such as a university, assume responsibility for creating an environment that promotes standards of excellence, intellectual honesty and legality. Although the truth should be the aim of scientific research, it is not guiding fact for all scientists. The best way to reach the truth in its study and to avoid the methodological and ethical mistakes is to consistently apply scientific methods and ethical standards in research. Although variously defined plagiarism is basically intended to deceive the reader's own scientific contribution. There is no general regulation of control of scientific research and intellectual honesty of researchers which would be absolutely applicable in all situations and in all research institutions. A special form of plagiarism is self-plagiarism. Scientists need to take into consideration this form of plagiarism, though for now there is an attitude as much as their own words can be used without the word about plagiarism. If the authors cite their own research facilities already stated then they should be put in quote sand cite the source in which it was published. Science should not be exempt from disclosure and sanctioning plagiarism. In the fight against intellectual dishonesty on ethics education in science has a significant place. A general understanding of ethics in scientific research work in all its stages had to be acquired during the undergraduate course and continue to intensify. It is also important ethical aspect of the publishing industry,especially in small and developing economies,because the issuer has an educational role in the development of the scientific community that aspires to relish so. In this paper author describe his experiences in discovering of plagiarism as Editor-in-Chief of three indexed medical journals with presentations of several examples of plagiarism recorded in countries in Southeastern Europe.

摘要

科学出版是科学家工作的最终成果。出版物的数量及其被引用情况是衡量科学家成就的标准,而未发表的研究成果对科学界来说是无形的,因而也就不存在。研究人员在工作中依赖其前辈,而一位科学家的研究成果被其他作者作为资料来源的使用程度,是对其对人类知识增长所做贡献的一种验证。如果作者已在某科学期刊上发表了一篇文章,那么在未对文章进行一些小的修改或未引用第一篇文章中在另一篇文章中被使用的部分内容的情况下,就不能在任何其他期刊上发表该文章。当一篇新文章的作者无论是否提及原作者而大量使用了先前发表文章的内容(包括表格和图表)时,即构成版权侵权。科研机构和大学应根据良好科学实践(GSP)和良好实验室规范(GLP)的原则,设立一个监测、保障、促进和发展高质量研究的中心。制定良好科学实践的规则并遵守这些规则,是每个研究机构、大学以及每位个体研究人员的义务,无论所研究的是哪个科学领域。通过这种方式,内部质量控制可确保诸如大学这样的研究机构承担起营造一个促进卓越标准、学术诚信和合法性的环境的责任。尽管真理应是科学研究的目标,但并非所有科学家都以此为行动准则。在研究中达到真理并避免方法和伦理错误的最佳途径,是在研究中始终如一地应用科学方法和伦理标准。尽管抄袭的定义各不相同,但其本质意图是欺骗读者关于自己的科学贡献。目前尚无适用于所有情况和所有研究机构的关于科研及研究人员学术诚信的全面监管规定。抄袭的一种特殊形式是自我抄袭。科学家需要考虑这种抄袭形式,尽管目前有一种观点认为只要引用自己已经发表过的研究成果就无需提及抄袭。如果作者引用自己已发表过的研究内容,那么就应该加上引号并注明发表的出处。科学界不应豁免对抄袭行为的披露和惩处。在打击学术不诚信方面,科学伦理教育具有重要地位。在本科阶段就必须全面了解科研工作各个阶段的伦理规范,并不断强化。出版行业的伦理问题也很重要,特别是在小型和发展中经济体,因为出版方在渴望蓬勃发展的科学界的发展中具有教育作用。在本文中,作者作为三本索引医学期刊的主编,描述了他在发现抄袭行为方面的经历,并列举了东南欧国家记录的几起抄袭案例。

https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/b4e7/3558294/c238f39c8bbd/AIM-20-208_F1.jpg

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