Abad-García María Francisca
Departamento de Historia de la Ciencia y Documentación, Facultad de Medicina, Universitat de València, Valencia, España.
An Pediatr (Engl Ed). 2019 Jan;90(1):57.e1-57.e8. doi: 10.1016/j.anpedi.2018.11.003. Epub 2018 Nov 27.
This article presents an analysis of the concept of plagiarism in order to show the wide spectrum of manifestations that can be considered as such when committing a transgression of intellectual property, carried out with the intention of deceiving the authors' true contribution and the originality and novelty of the information. The article describes the concurrent circumstances in intentional plagiarism, and the damage that this misconduct causes in the credibility of the scientific system, in which authorship credit is the foundation of the academic career, of the prestige of the author in the scientific community, and the basis for research funding. Some circumstances are favouring this fraud: the pressure exerted on researchers by the criteria used for promotion and reward that prioritise the quantity of works on their quality, the existence of a market for the purchase and sale of scientific articles, and the proliferation of predatory journals that operate without or minimal ethical standards. Finally, the paper highlights the convenience of the adoption of criteria that prioritise the intrinsic quality of the work versus its quantity, including the active involvement of the institutions in the development of active policies for the prevention, detection, and punishment of the cases of potential fraud, and emphasize that, in the end, the prevention of fraud relies on the individual adoption of an ethical and responsible behaviour.
本文对剽窃概念进行了分析，以展示在侵犯知识产权时可被视为剽窃的广泛表现形式，这种侵犯旨在掩盖作者的真实贡献以及信息的原创性和新颖性。文章描述了故意剽窃时的相关情况，以及这种不当行为对科学体系可信度造成的损害，在该体系中，作者身份信用是学术生涯的基础、作者在科学界声望的基础以及研究资金的依据。有些情况助长了这种欺诈行为：用于晋升和奖励的标准给研究人员带来压力，这些标准优先考虑作品数量而非质量；存在买卖科学文章的市场；以及大量运营时没有或仅有最低道德标准的掠夺性期刊。最后，本文强调采用优先考虑作品内在质量而非数量的标准的便利性，包括机构积极参与制定预防、发现和惩处潜在欺诈案件的有效政策，并强调最终防止欺诈依赖于个人采取符合道德和负责任的行为。
