University of Texas School of Public Health, Dallas, TX 75390-9128, USA.
Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 2013 May;37(5):839-46. doi: 10.1111/acer.12038. Epub 2013 Feb 5.
To assess the prevalence and sociodemographic correlates of suicide involving acute alcohol intoxication among U.S. ethnic minorities.
Data were derived from the restricted 2003 to 2009 National Violent Death Reporting System. The study focused on the sociodemographic and toxicological information of 59,384 male and female suicide decedents for 16 states of the United States. Acute alcohol intoxication was defined as having a blood alcohol content (BAC) ≥0.08 g/dl. Overall, 76% of decedents were tested for the presence of alcohol.
The proportion of suicide decedents with a positive BAC ranged from 47% among American Indians/Alaska Natives (AIs/ANs) to 23% among Asians/Pacific Islanders (PIs). Average BAC was highest among AIs/ANs. Among those who were tested for BAC, the proportion of decedents legally intoxicated prior to suicide was as follows: Blacks, 15%; AIs/ANs, 36%; Asians/PIs, 13%; and Hispanics, 28%. Bivariate associations showed that most suicide decedents who were legally intoxicated were male, younger than 30 years of age, with a high school education, not married, nonveterans, lived in metropolitan areas, and used a firearm to complete suicide. However, with the exception of Whites, most of these associations became not statistically significant in multivariate analysis.
Alcohol use and legal intoxication prior to completing suicide are common among U.S. ethnic groups, especially among men and those who are younger than 30 years of age. The AI/AN group had the highest mean BAC, the highest rate of legal intoxication and decedents who were particularly young. Suicide prevention strategies should address alcohol use as a risk factor. Alcohol problems prevention strategies should focus on suicide as a consequence of alcohol use, especially among AI/AN youth and young adults.
评估美国少数民族人群中涉及急性酒精中毒的自杀流行率和社会人口学相关性。
数据来自受限的 2003 年至 2009 年国家暴力死亡报告系统。本研究集中于美国 16 个州的 59384 名男性和女性自杀死者的社会人口学和毒理学信息。急性酒精中毒定义为血液酒精含量（BAC）≥0.08g/dl。总体而言，76%的死者接受了酒精存在的检测。
有阳性 BAC 的自杀死者比例在美洲印第安人/阿拉斯加原住民（AIs/ANs）中为 47%，在亚洲/太平洋岛民（PIs）中为 23%。AIs/ANs 的平均 BAC 最高。在接受 BAC 检测的人群中，自杀前合法醉酒的死者比例如下：黑人，15%；AIs/ANs，36%；亚洲/太平洋岛民，13%；西班牙裔，28%。双变量关联表明，大多数合法醉酒的自杀死者为男性，年龄小于 30 岁，受过高中教育，未婚，非退伍军人，居住在大都市区，使用枪支完成自杀。然而，除了白人之外，这些关联在多变量分析中大多数变得没有统计学意义。
在美国的各个族裔群体中，使用酒精和在完成自杀前合法醉酒是很常见的，尤其是在男性和年龄小于 30 岁的人群中。AIs/AN 群体的 BAC 平均值最高，合法醉酒的比例最高，死者尤其年轻。预防自杀的策略应该将酒精使用作为一个风险因素来处理。预防酒精问题的策略应该侧重于将酒精使用作为自杀的后果，尤其是在 AIs/AN 青年和年轻人中。
