MOVE Research Institute Amsterdam, Faculty of Human Movement Sciences, VU University Amsterdam, Van der Boechorststraat 9, 1081 BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Eur J Appl Physiol. 2013 Jul;113(7):1705-17. doi: 10.1007/s00421-013-2596-9. Epub 2013 Feb 6.
Physiological and perceptual effects of wind cooling are often intertwined and have scarcely been studied in self-paced exercise. Therefore, we aimed to investigate (1) the independent perceptual effect of wind cooling and its impact on performance and (2) the responses to temporary wind cooling during self-paced exercise. Ten male subjects completed four trials involving 15 min standardized incremental intensity cycling, followed by a 15-km self-paced cycling time trial. Three trials were performed in different climates inducing equivalent thermal strain: hot humid with wind (WIND) and warm humid (HUMID) and hot dry (DRY) without wind. The fourth trial (W3-12) was equal to HUMID, except that wind cooling was unexpectedly provided during kilometers 3-12. Physiological, perceptual and performance parameters were measured. Subjects felt generally cooler during the WIND than the HUMID and DRY trials, despite similar heart rate, rectal and skin temperatures and a WBGT of ~4 °C higher. The cooler thermal sensation was not reflected in differences in thermal comfort or performance. Comparing W3-12 to HUMID, skin temperature was 1.47 ± 0.43 °C lower during the wind interval, leading to more favorable ratings of perceived exertion, thermal sensation and thermal comfort. Overall, power output was higher in the W3-12 than the HUMID-trial (256 ± 29 vs. 246 ± 22 W), leading to a 67 ± 48 s faster finish time. In conclusion, during self-paced exercise in the heat, wind provides immediate and constant benefits in physiological strain, thermal perception and performance. Independent of physiological changes, wind still provides a greater sensation of coolness, but does not impact thermal comfort or performance.
风冷的生理和感知效应通常是交织在一起的，而且在自我调节运动中几乎没有得到研究。因此，我们的目的是研究（1）风冷的独立感知效应及其对表现的影响，以及（2）在自我调节运动中对临时风冷的反应。10 名男性受试者完成了四项试验，涉及 15 分钟标准化递增强度自行车运动，然后进行 15 公里的自我调节自行车计时赛。三个试验是在不同的气候条件下进行的，这些条件诱导了相同的热应激：有风的湿热（WIND）和湿热（HUMID）以及无风和干热（DRY）。第四个试验（W3-12）与 HUMID 相同，只是在第 3-12 公里时意外提供了风冷。测量了生理、感知和性能参数。与 HUMID 和 DRY 试验相比，WIND 试验中受试者普遍感觉更凉爽，尽管心率、直肠和皮肤温度相似，WBGT 高约 4°C。更凉爽的热感觉并没有反映在热舒适度或性能的差异上。与 HUMID 相比，在风冷期间皮肤温度低 1.47±0.43°C，导致感知用力、热感觉和热舒适度的评分更有利。总的来说，在 W3-12 中的功率输出比 HUMID 试验高（256±29 比 246±22 W），导致完成时间快 67±48 s。总之，在炎热的天气中进行自我调节运动时，风冷会立即和持续地降低生理应激、热感知和表现。独立于生理变化，风冷仍然提供更凉爽的感觉，但不会影响热舒适度或表现。
