Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA.
Appl Environ Microbiol. 2013 Apr;79(8):2620-9. doi: 10.1128/AEM.03760-12. Epub 2013 Feb 8.
This study aimed to determine if biotic contaminants originating from pig production farms are disseminated into soil and groundwater microbial communities. A spatial and temporal sampling of soil and groundwater in proximity to pig production farms was conducted, and quantitative PCR (Q-PCR) was utilized to determine the abundances of tetracycline resistance genes (i.e., tetQ and tetZ) and integrase genes (i.e., intI1 and intI2). We observed that the abundances of tetZ, tetQ, intI1, and intI2 in the soils increased at least 6-fold after manure application, and their abundances remained elevated above the background for up to 16 months. Q-PCR further determined total abundances of up to 5.88 × 10(9) copies/ng DNA for tetZ, tetQ, intI1, and intI2 in some of the groundwater wells that were situated next to the manure lagoon and in the facility well used to supply water for one of the farms. We further utilized 16S rRNA-based pyrosequencing to assess the microbial communities, and our comparative analyses suggest that most of the soil samples collected before and after manure application did not change significantly, sharing a high Bray-Curtis similarity of 78.5%. In contrast, an increase in Bacteroidetes and sulfur-oxidizing bacterial populations was observed in the groundwaters collected from lagoon-associated groundwater wells. Genera associated with opportunistic human and animal pathogens, such as Acinetobacter, Arcobacter, Yersinia, and Coxiella, were detected in some of the manure-treated soils and affected groundwater wells. Feces-associated bacteria such as Streptococcus, Erysipelothrix, and Bacteroides were detected in the manure, soil, and groundwater ecosystems, suggesting a perturbation of the soil and groundwater environments by invader species from pig production activities.
本研究旨在确定源自养猪场的生物污染物是否会传播到土壤和地下水微生物群落中。对养猪场附近的土壤和地下水进行了时空采样，并利用定量 PCR（Q-PCR）来确定四环素抗性基因（即 tetQ 和 tetZ）和整合酶基因（即 intI1 和 intI2）的丰度。我们观察到，在施粪肥后，土壤中 tetZ、tetQ、intI1 和 intI2 的丰度至少增加了 6 倍，并且它们的丰度在长达 16 个月的时间内仍高于背景水平。Q-PCR 进一步确定了一些紧邻粪肥池和用于为其中一个农场供水的设施井中的地下水样中 tetZ、tetQ、intI1 和 intI2 的总丰度高达 5.88×10(9)拷贝/ng DNA。我们还利用基于 16S rRNA 的焦磷酸测序来评估微生物群落，我们的比较分析表明，在施粪肥前后采集的大多数土壤样本没有明显变化，共享高达 78.5%的高 Bray-Curtis 相似性。相比之下，在从与池塘相关的地下水井中采集的地下水中观察到拟杆菌门和硫氧化细菌种群的增加。在一些粪肥处理的土壤和受影响的地下水井中检测到与机会性人类和动物病原体相关的属，如不动杆菌属、弯曲杆菌属、耶尔森氏菌属和柯克斯氏体属。粪便相关细菌，如链球菌属、丹毒丝菌属和拟杆菌属，在粪肥、土壤和地下水生态系统中被检测到，这表明猪生产活动中的入侵物种对土壤和地下水环境造成了干扰。
