Department of Metabolism and Aging, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA.
Exp Gerontol. 2013 Oct;48(10):1129-35. doi: 10.1016/j.exger.2013.02.003. Epub 2013 Feb 10.
Dietary restriction extends lifespan in a variety of organisms, but the key nutritional components driving this process and how they interact remain uncertain. In Drosophila, while a substantial body of research suggests that protein is the major dietary component affecting longevity, recent studies claim that carbohydrates also play a central role. To clarify how nutritional factors influence longevity, nutrient consumption and lifespan were measured on a series of diets with varying yeast and sugar content. We show that optimal lifespan requires both high carbohydrate and low protein consumption, but neither nutrient by itself entirely predicts lifespan. Increased dietary carbohydrate or protein concentration does not always result in reduced feeding-the regulation of food consumption is best described by a constant daily caloric intake target. Moreover, due to differences in food intake, increased concentration of a nutrient within the diet does not necessarily result in increased consumption of that particular nutrient. Our results shed light on the issue of dietary effects on lifespan and highlight the need for accurate measures of nutrient intake in dietary manipulation studies.
饮食限制在多种生物中延长了寿命，但推动这一过程的关键营养成分以及它们如何相互作用仍不确定。在果蝇中，虽然大量研究表明蛋白质是影响寿命的主要饮食成分，但最近的研究声称碳水化合物也起着核心作用。为了阐明营养因素如何影响寿命，我们在一系列酵母和糖含量不同的饮食上测量了营养物质的消耗和寿命。我们表明，最佳寿命需要高碳水化合物和低蛋白质的消耗，但这两种营养物质本身都不能完全预测寿命。增加饮食中的碳水化合物或蛋白质浓度并不总是导致摄食量减少——食物消耗的调节最好用每日热量摄入目标来描述。此外，由于食物摄入量的差异，饮食中某种营养素浓度的增加并不一定导致该特定营养素的摄入量增加。我们的结果阐明了饮食对寿命的影响问题，并强调了在饮食干预研究中准确测量营养物质摄入的必要性。
