Department of Psychology, University of Erfurt, D-99089 Erfurt, Germany.
J Exp Child Psychol. 2013 May;115(1):108-25. doi: 10.1016/j.jecp.2012.11.003. Epub 2013 Feb 10.
We studied risky choices in preschoolers, elementary schoolers, and adults using an information board paradigm crossing two options with two cues that differ in their probability of making valid predictions (p=.50 vs. p=.83). We also varied the presence of normatively irrelevant information. Choice patterns indicate that preschoolers were able to base their decisions on weighted values. In comparison with elementary schoolers and adults, however, they failed to prioritize probabilistic information over irrelevant information as a decision weight. Preschoolers were especially prone to rely on feedback and apply a suboptimal change-after-failure strategy.
我们使用信息板范式研究了学龄前儿童、小学生和成年人的风险选择，该范式在两个选项之间进行了交叉，两个线索在做出有效预测的概率上有所不同（p=.50 对 p=.83）。我们还改变了规范上无关信息的存在。选择模式表明，学龄前儿童能够根据加权值做出决策。然而，与小学生和成年人相比，他们未能将概率信息优先于无关信息作为决策权重。学龄前儿童特别容易依赖反馈，并采用次优的失败后改变策略。
