Pizza F, Contardi S, Mondini S, Cirignotta F
IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche/Dipartimento di Scienze Neurologiche, Università di Bologna, Via Ugo Foscolo 7, 40123, Bologna, Italy.
G Ital Med Lav Ergon. 2012 Jul-Sep;34(3 Suppl):375-7.
To study the impact of sleepiness, a well-established cause of car accidents, on driving ability, we designed a 30-min monotonous simulated driving task.
Our simulated driving task encompasses both primary vehicle control (standard deviation of lane position, crash occurrence) and secondary tasks (type and reaction times to divided attention tasks). Driving simulator data were correlated to subjective (state/trait) and objective (MSLT/MWT) sleepiness measures in healthy subjects undergoing sleep deprivation (SD) and in obstructive sleep apnea (OSAS) patients.
SD induced severe sleepiness during nighttime, when state sleepiness increased while primary vehicle control ability worsened. After SD, driving ability decreased and was inversely correlated to subjective and objective sleepiness at MSLT. OSAS patients driving ability was well correlated to objective sleepiness, with inverse correlation to sleep propensity at the MSLT and even more strict relation with the ability to maintain wakefulness at the MWT.
Sleepiness worsens driving ability in healthy subjects after SD and in OSAS patients. Driving ability correlates with subjective and objective sleepiness measures, in particular to the ability to maintain wakefulness.
为研究困倦（交通事故的一个公认原因）对驾驶能力的影响，我们设计了一项30分钟的单调模拟驾驶任务。
我们的模拟驾驶任务包括主要车辆控制（车道位置标准差、碰撞发生情况）和次要任务（对注意力分散任务的类型和反应时间）。驾驶模拟器数据与接受睡眠剥夺（SD）的健康受试者以及阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停（OSAS）患者的主观（状态/特质）和客观（多次睡眠潜伏期试验/维持觉醒试验）困倦测量结果相关。
睡眠剥夺在夜间诱发了严重困倦，此时状态困倦增加，而主要车辆控制能力恶化。睡眠剥夺后，驾驶能力下降，且与多次睡眠潜伏期试验时的主观和客观困倦呈负相关。阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停患者的驾驶能力与客观困倦密切相关，与多次睡眠潜伏期试验时的睡眠倾向呈负相关，与维持觉醒试验时保持清醒的能力的关系更为密切。
睡眠剥夺后，健康受试者以及阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停患者的困倦会使驾驶能力恶化。驾驶能力与主观和客观困倦测量结果相关，尤其是与保持清醒的能力相关。
