Al-Hazmi Mansour A, Rawi Sayed M, Arafa Nadia Ms, Wagas Abeer, Montasser Ayat Os
Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences and Arts, Khulais, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
Faculty of Science, Jazan University, Biology Department, Saudi Arabia
Toxicol Ind Health. 2015 Jun;31(6):494-509. doi: 10.1177/0748233713475517. Epub 2013 Feb 13.
The study determined the maximum intraperitoneal (ip) scopolamine dose inducing memory impairment in rats (2 mg/kg) compared to 0.5 or 1 mg/kg dose. The effect reflected by significant increase from normal in the latency time required for rats to find the hidden platform in water maze task and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activities in cortex, hippocampus and striatum. The dose-related histopathological effect via the hemorrhage, vacuolation and gliosis in cortex and hippocampus is assessed. Then the study investigated the potency of Panax ginseng root extract on scopolamine cognitive dysfunction rat model compared to memantine hydrochloride as reference Food and Drug Administration approved. Ginseng extract was administered at dose 100 or 200 mg/kg/day and memantine at 20 mg/kg/day orally for 2 weeks. All treatments showed improvement in the water maze task, however, ginseng (200 mg/kg) group acquired the advantage without statistical difference control. Scopolamine (2 mg/kg ip) group showed significant increase in AChE reactivity and glutamate level and reduced monoamines (norepinephrine, dopamine and serotonin) and γ-aminobutyric acid contents in cortex, hippocampus and striatum. Ginseng extract in a dose-dependent manner appears effective as memantine and can improve memory impairment through the retrieved homeostasis via neurotransmitter levels and AChE activities in rat brain areas with partial effect on the histological feature of the brain tissue.
该研究确定了诱导大鼠记忆损伤的最大腹腔注射东莨菪碱剂量（2毫克/千克），并与0.5或1毫克/千克剂量进行比较。这种效应表现为，在水迷宫任务中，大鼠找到隐藏平台所需的潜伏期时间较正常显著增加，以及皮质、海马体和纹状体中的乙酰胆碱酯酶（AChE）活性增加。评估了通过皮质和海马体中的出血、空泡形成和胶质细胞增生所产生的剂量相关组织病理学效应。然后，该研究调查了人参根提取物对东莨菪碱诱导的认知功能障碍大鼠模型的效力，并与美国食品药品监督管理局批准的作为对照的盐酸美金刚进行比较。人参提取物以100或200毫克/千克/天的剂量口服给药，美金刚以20毫克/千克/天的剂量口服给药，持续2周。所有治疗组在水迷宫任务中均有改善，然而，人参（200毫克/千克）组获得了优势，但与对照组无统计学差异。东莨菪碱（2毫克/千克腹腔注射）组在皮质、海马体和纹状体中的AChE反应性和谷氨酸水平显著增加，单胺类物质（去甲肾上腺素、多巴胺和5-羟色胺）以及γ-氨基丁酸含量降低。人参提取物呈剂量依赖性，似乎与美金刚一样有效，并且可以通过恢复神经递质水平和大鼠脑区的AChE活性的内稳态来改善记忆损伤，对脑组织的组织学特征有部分影响。
