Giorgis Abeba T, Mulugeta Abiye, Aga Assegid, Deyassa Neggusie
Department of Ophthalmology, Addis Ababa University.
Ethiop Med J. 2012 Jul;50(3):259-64.
Glaucoma is a major cause of blindness in Africa. However, many do not know if they have the disease until late.
The aim of this study was to describe the type and severity of glaucoma at presentation
A hospital based prospective review of 602 glaucoma patients was conducted over 18 month period ending in 2009. A special registry captured Socio demographic and clinical data at the glaucoma clinic of Menelik II Hospital in Addis Ababa. The vertical cup disc ratio (CDR) of the optic nerve head provided the bases to stage, the severity of glaucoma.
Large portion of the total reviewed patients were men, 401 (66.6%) or above the age of 40 years, 484 (80.4%). The mean intraocular pressure was 28.5 and 30.6 in the right and left eye in mmHg. The leading subtypes of glaucoma, accounting 64.3% (n = 387), were Primary Open Angle Glaucoma, 227 (37.7%) and Pseudo exfoliation glaucoma, 160 (26.6%). At presentation, 260 (44%) and 109 (18%)) were unilaterally and bilaterally blind (vision < 3/60) respectively. Bilateral glaucoma was found in 464 (77%) and 366 (61%) presented with advanced stage (CDR > or = 9.0). Cases with advanced stage were likely to present with blindness [Odds Ratio (OR) -6.2 95% CI (3-8-10.1) and 6.9 95% CI (4.2-11.3)] or high Intraocular pressure >30mmHg [OR=3.4, 95% CI (2.2 -5.2) and 2.8, 95% CI (1.4-3.4)] in the respective right and left eyes. The stage, had no statistically significant association with age, sex, residence or type of glaucoma (Chi2 test, p > 0.05).
A large proportion of patients still arrive at glaucoma clinic with a very late stage of open angle glaucoma. Intervention strategies are requiredfor early detection and treatment of glaucoma in Ethiopia.
青光眼是非洲失明的主要原因。然而，许多人直到病情晚期才知道自己患有这种疾病。
本研究的目的是描述青光眼患者就诊时的类型和严重程度。
在2009年结束的18个月期间，对602例青光眼患者进行了一项基于医院的前瞻性研究。在亚的斯亚贝巴的梅内利克二世医院青光眼诊所，一个特殊的登记处收集了社会人口统计学和临床数据。视神经乳头的垂直杯盘比（CDR）为青光眼严重程度分期提供了依据。
在全部接受检查的患者中，大部分是男性，有401例（66.6%），年龄在40岁及以上的有484例（80.4%）。右眼和左眼的平均眼压分别为28.5 mmHg和30.6 mmHg。青光眼的主要亚型占64.3%（n = 387），分别是原发性开角型青光眼，227例（37.7%）和假性剥脱性青光眼，160例（26.6%）。就诊时，分别有260例（44%）和109例（18%）为单眼和双眼失明（视力<3/60）。464例（77%）为双侧青光眼，366例（61%）为晚期（CDR>或=9.0）。晚期病例更有可能出现失明[比值比（OR）-6.2，95%可信区间（3.8-10.1）和6.9，95%可信区间（4.2-11.3）]或高眼压>30 mmHg[OR = 3.4，95%可信区间（2.2 - 5.2）和2.8，95%可信区间（1.4-3.4）]，分别出现在右眼和左眼。分期与年龄、性别、居住地或青光眼类型无统计学显著关联（卡方检验，p>0.05）。
很大一部分患者就诊时已是开角型青光眼晚期。埃塞俄比亚需要采取干预策略来早期发现和治疗青光眼。
