Baban Babak, Liu Jun Yao, Tay Franklin R, Pashley David H
College of Dental Medicine, Georgia Health Sciences University, Augusta, GA 30912-1129, USA.
Am J Dent. 2012 Dec;25(6):327-31.
To develop a simple, laboratory method for screening the antimicrobial/antiviral activity of hand sanitizers, to replace the more time consuming use of human volunteers.
A Rapid Agar Plate Assay (RAPA) was developed that uses sterile agar plates to simulate skin surfaces. After treating the agar plates with putative hand sanitizers, the plates were inoculated with gram-positive S. aureus or gram-negative E. coli. Untreated agar plates served as controls. After incubation for 48 hours, the bacteria were recovered and stained with fluorescent dyes. The number of live/dead bacteria was quantitated by flow cytometry. For anti-viral activity, mammalian cell lines were grown to confluency and infected with noroviruses (murine norovirus or feline calicivirus), and the number of dead cells was quantitated as the log10 of number of cells killed. A liquid hand soap without any antibacterial activity (LHS) was used as the control. A popular ethanol-based hand sanitizer (GHS) was compared to a new quaternary ammonium-containing bactericidal hand cream (ABC).
The liquid soap was not effective against either gram-positive or gram-negative bacteria, or viruses. Both GHS and ABC were very effective against S. aureus, but much less so against E. coli. Both GHS and ABC were even more effective against the two noroviruses that cause gastrointestinal diseases, than they were against gram-positive bacteria. These results support the use of RAPA as an effective laboratory screening test to evaluate the antibacterial/antiviral activity of hand sanitizers or other antimicrobial products.
开发一种简单的实验室方法来筛选洗手液的抗菌/抗病毒活性，以取代耗时更长的人体志愿者使用测试。
开发了一种快速琼脂平板试验（RAPA），该试验使用无菌琼脂平板模拟皮肤表面。用假定的洗手液处理琼脂平板后，接种革兰氏阳性金黄色葡萄球菌或革兰氏阴性大肠杆菌。未处理的琼脂平板用作对照。孵育48小时后，回收细菌并用荧光染料染色。通过流式细胞术对活/死细菌的数量进行定量。对于抗病毒活性，将哺乳动物细胞系培养至汇合状态并感染诺如病毒（鼠诺如病毒或猫杯状病毒），死亡细胞的数量定量为杀死细胞数量的log10。使用无任何抗菌活性的液体洗手液（LHS）作为对照。将一种流行的乙醇基洗手液（GHS）与一种新型含季铵盐的杀菌护手霜（ABC）进行比较。
液体肥皂对革兰氏阳性或革兰氏阴性细菌以及病毒均无效。GHS和ABC对金黄色葡萄球菌都非常有效，但对大肠杆菌的效果要差得多。GHS和ABC对两种引起胃肠道疾病的诺如病毒的效果甚至比对革兰氏阳性细菌的效果还要好。这些结果支持将RAPA用作评估洗手液或其他抗菌产品抗菌/抗病毒活性的有效实验室筛选试验。
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