Centre for Virology, Burnet Institute, Melbourne, Australia.
Curr Opin HIV AIDS. 2013 May;8(3):165-9. doi: 10.1097/COH.0b013e32835fc601.
To review the literature on infection and evolution of HIV within the brain in the context for understanding the nature of the brain reservoir and its consequences.
HIV-1 in the brain can evolve in separate compartments within macrophage/microglia and astrocytes. The virus adapts to the brain environment to infect these cells and brain-specific mutations can be found in nearly all genes of the virus. The virus evolves to become more neurovirulent.
The brain is an ideal reservoir for the HIV. The brain is a relatively immune privileged site and the blood-brain barrier prevents easy access to antiretroviral drugs. Further, the virus infects resident macrophages and astrocytes which are long-lived cells and causes minimal cytopathology in these cells. Hence as we move towards developing strategies for eradication of the virus from the peripheral reservoirs, it is critical that we pay close attention to the virus in the brain and develop strategies for maintaining it in a latent state failure of which could result in dire consequences.
在了解大脑储存库的性质及其后果的背景下，回顾有关 HIV 在大脑内感染和进化的文献。
大脑中的 HIV-1 可以在巨噬细胞/小胶质细胞和星形胶质细胞的不同隔室中进化。病毒适应大脑环境以感染这些细胞，并且几乎可以在病毒的所有基因中发现脑特异性突变。病毒进化为具有更强的神经毒性。
大脑是 HIV 的理想储存库。大脑是一个相对免疫特权部位，血脑屏障阻止抗逆转录病毒药物的轻易进入。此外，病毒感染常驻巨噬细胞和星形胶质细胞，这些细胞寿命长，并且在这些细胞中引起最小的细胞病理学。因此，随着我们朝着从外周储存库中根除病毒的策略发展，密切关注大脑中的病毒并制定将其维持在潜伏状态的策略至关重要，否则可能会导致严重后果。
