Savón Valdés Clara Estela, Acosta Herrera Belsy, Piñón Ramos Alexander, Valdés Ramírez Odalys, Oropesa Fernández Suset Isabel, González Muñoz Grehete, Arencibia García Amely, Quilarte García Elías, González Baez Guelsys, Hernández Espinosa Bárbara, Goyenechea Hernández Angel, Llop Hernández Alina, Guzmán Tirado María Guadalupe
Departamento de Virología, IPK, La Habana, Cuba.
Rev Cubana Med Trop. 2011 Jan-Apr;63(1):30-7.
On April 2009, the Mexican health authorities reported increased hospitalization indexes caused by pneumonia with high mortality rates to the Pan-American Health Organization (PAHO). The National Epidemiological Surveillance System of Mexico noticed that this increase mainly occurred in the 20-40 year old population. A new type of swine influenza A (H1N1) virus was identified by laboratory studies as the etiological agent of the first pandemic of the 21st century. On April 26 2009, the National Anti-pandemic Plan was activated by the Cuban Ministry of Public Health, and on May 7th, the lab-confirmed index case appeared. An integrated surveillance system with laboratory confirmation was set up.
To detect pandemic influenza virus during the pandemic wave.
The epidemiological weeks 37 to 41 witnessed a rise of the number of sick people seen by the medical services. In this period, the samples taken from patients clinically diagnosed with severe acute respiratory infection were selected for this analysis; they were divided into three groups, that is, 370 children and adults in critical condition, 55 pregnant women in severe condition and 30 fatal cases. The diagnosis of the pandemic virus was performed by Real Time Polymerase Chain Reaction Test (PCR). Other respiratory viruses were tested by conventional PCR.
The pandemic influenza virus was detected in 65 children and adults, 20 pregnant women and 9 fatal cases. The seasonal influenza A (H3N2) virus was identified in 81 cases of severe acute respiratory infection covering all age groups, 10 pregnant women and 5 deceased on the basis of real time polymerase chain reaction test. Other respiratory viruses were also monitored by the end-point polymerase chain reaction.
The comprehensive analysis of these results contributes to the national and regional surveillance of respiratory viruses for the improvement of the prevention and control programs of the acute respiratory infections.
2009年4月，墨西哥卫生当局向泛美卫生组织报告了因肺炎导致的住院率上升且死亡率高的情况。墨西哥国家流行病学监测系统注意到这种增加主要发生在20至40岁的人群中。实验室研究确定一种新型甲型H1N1猪流感病毒是21世纪首次大流行的病原体。2009年4月26日，古巴公共卫生部启动了国家抗疫计划，5月7日，实验室确诊的首例病例出现。建立了一个有实验室确诊的综合监测系统。
在大流行期间检测大流行性流感病毒。
在第37至41个流行病学周期间，医疗服务机构接诊的病人数量有所增加。在此期间，从临床诊断为严重急性呼吸道感染的患者中采集样本进行分析；将样本分为三组，即370名危重症儿童和成人、55名重症孕妇以及30例死亡病例。通过实时聚合酶链反应试验（PCR）对大流行病毒进行诊断。其他呼吸道病毒通过常规PCR进行检测。
在65名儿童和成人、20名孕妇以及9例死亡病例中检测到了大流行性流感病毒。根据实时聚合酶链反应试验，在81例涵盖所有年龄组的严重急性呼吸道感染病例、10名孕妇以及5例死亡病例中鉴定出季节性甲型（H3N2）流感病毒。其他呼吸道病毒也通过终点聚合酶链反应进行监测。
对这些结果的综合分析有助于国家和地区对呼吸道病毒的监测，以改进急性呼吸道感染的预防和控制方案。
