Ho Ming-Chou, Chang Catherine Fountain, Li Ren-Hau, Tang Tze-Chun
Department of Psychology, Chung-Shan Medical University.
Department of Psychology, Chung-Shan Medical University Hospital.
Psychol Addict Behav. 2013 Dec;27(4):1044-9. doi: 10.1037/a0030562. Epub 2013 Feb 25.
The betel nut (Areca catecu) is regarded by the World Health Organization as the fourth most prevalent human carcinogen. Our study aims to investigate whether habitual chewers show bias in their attention toward betel nut usage. In the current study, heavy and light betel nut chewers were instructed to respond to a probe presented immediately after either one of a pair of areca-related picture and non-areca-matched picture. The presentation durations of these pictures were manipulated to investigate attentional biases under awareness threshold (17 ms), in initial orienting (200 ms), and maintenance of attention (2,000 ms). Faster response to the probe replacing the areca-related picture, in comparison with a matched picture, indicated attentional bias. The results showed that neither group showed subliminal attentional biases. Further, heavy chewers, but not light chewers, exhibited supraliminal biases toward betel nut cues in initial orienting of attention and maintained attention. Moreover, attentional bias scores at 2,000 ms were also shown to be positively associated with betel nut craving and dependence. Implications of the current findings are thoroughly discussed in the article.
槟榔（槟榔属植物槟榔）被世界卫生组织视为第四大最普遍的人类致癌物。我们的研究旨在调查习惯性咀嚼者在对槟榔使用的注意力方面是否存在偏差。在当前研究中，重度和轻度槟榔咀嚼者被要求对一对槟榔相关图片和非槟榔匹配图片中的任意一张图片之后立即呈现的探测刺激做出反应。这些图片的呈现持续时间被操纵，以研究在意识阈值（17毫秒）、初始定向（200毫秒）和注意力维持（2000毫秒）下的注意力偏差。与匹配图片相比，对替换槟榔相关图片的探测刺激反应更快表明存在注意力偏差。结果表明，两组均未表现出阈下注意力偏差。此外，重度咀嚼者而非轻度咀嚼者在注意力的初始定向和注意力维持方面对槟榔线索表现出阈上偏差。此外，2000毫秒时的注意力偏差得分也被证明与槟榔渴望和依赖呈正相关。本文对当前研究结果的意义进行了全面讨论。
