Department of Public Health Sciences, Division of Global Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
PLoS One. 2013;8(2):e57400. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0057400. Epub 2013 Feb 22.
Although the prevalence of type 2 diabetes in Oman is high and rising, information on how people were self-managing their disease has been lacking. The objective of this study was therefore to assess diabetes self-management and education (DSME) among people living with type 2 diabetes in Oman.
A questionnaire survey was conducted in public primary health care centres in Muscat. Diabetes self-management and education was assessed by asking how patients recognized and responded to hypo- and hyperglycaemia, and if they had developed strategies to maintain stable blood glucose levels. Patients' demographic information, self-treatment behaviours, awareness of potential long-term complications, and attitudes concerning diabetes management were also recorded. Associations between these factors and diabetes self-management and education were analysed.
In total, 309 patients were surveyed. A quarter (26%, n = 83) were unaware how to recognize hypoglycaemia or respond to it (26%, n = 81). Around half (49%, n = 151), could not recognize hyperglycaemia and more than half could not respond to it (60%, n = 184). Twelve percent (n = 37) of the patients did not have any strategies to stabilize their blood glucose levels. Patients with formal education generally had more diabetes self-management and education than those without (p<0.001), as had patients with longer durations of diabetes (p<0.01). Self-monitoring of blood glucose was practiced by 38% (n = 117) of the patients, and insulin was used by 22% (n = 67), of which about one third independently adjusted dosages. Patients were most often aware of complications concerning loss of vision, renal failure and cardiac problems. Many patients desired further health education.
Many patients displayed dangerous diabetes self-management and education knowledge gaps. The findings suggest a need for improving knowledge transfer to people living with diabetes in the Omani clinical setting.
尽管 2 型糖尿病在阿曼的患病率很高且呈上升趋势，但人们对其自我管理疾病的信息知之甚少。因此，本研究的目的是评估阿曼 2 型糖尿病患者的糖尿病自我管理和教育（DSME）。
在马斯喀特的公立初级保健中心进行了问卷调查。通过询问患者如何识别和应对低血糖和高血糖，以及是否制定了维持稳定血糖水平的策略，来评估糖尿病自我管理和教育。还记录了患者的人口统计学信息、自我治疗行为、对潜在长期并发症的认识以及对糖尿病管理的态度。分析了这些因素与糖尿病自我管理和教育之间的关系。
共有 309 名患者接受了调查。四分之一（26%，n=83）不知道如何识别或应对低血糖。大约一半（49%，n=151）无法识别高血糖，超过一半（60%，n=184）无法应对高血糖。12%（n=37）的患者没有任何稳定血糖水平的策略。接受过正规教育的患者通常比没有接受过正规教育的患者具有更多的糖尿病自我管理和教育（p<0.001），糖尿病病程较长的患者也具有更多的糖尿病自我管理和教育（p<0.01）。38%（n=117）的患者进行了血糖自我监测，22%（n=67）的患者使用了胰岛素，其中约三分之一患者独立调整了剂量。患者最常意识到与视力丧失、肾衰竭和心脏问题有关的并发症。许多患者希望进一步接受健康教育。
许多患者在糖尿病自我管理和教育方面存在严重的知识差距。研究结果表明，阿曼临床环境中需要改善向糖尿病患者传递知识。
