Protective effect of monoclonal antibodies to Newcastle disease virus in passive immunization.

A series of monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) against the haemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN) and fusion (F) glycoproteins and the matrix (M) protein of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) were tested for protective effects in passive immunization of newborn chickens against challenge with a virulent heterologous strain of NDV (Italien). MAbs with high virus-neutralizing activity directed to one antigenic site of the HN protein delayed virus growth and significantly prolonged survival time, but all chickens eventually succumbed to infection. MAbs directed to two antigenic sites of the F protein completely suppressed virus growth and prevented death of chickens, although the neutralizing activities of these anti-F MAbs were lower than those of the above anti-HN MAbs. Combined administration of the anti-HN and anti-F MAbs had a synergistic protective effect, but no protective effects were shown by MAbs against the M protein.