Department of Translational Medicine, Pediatric Section, University of Naples Federico II, Naples 80131, Italy.
Nutrients. 2013 Mar 1;5(3):651-62. doi: 10.3390/nu5030651.
Cow's milk allergy (CMA) continues to be a growing health concern for infants living in Western countries. The long-term prognosis for the majority of affected infants is good, with about 80% naturally acquiring tolerance by the age of four years. However, recent studies suggest that the natural history of CMA is changing, with an increasing persistence until later ages. The pathogenesis of CMA, as well as oral tolerance, is complex and not completely known, although numerous studies implicate gut-associated immunity and enteric microflora, and it has been suggested that an altered composition of intestinal microflora results in an unbalanced local and systemic immune response to food allergens. In addition, there are qualitative and quantitative differences in the composition of gut microbiota between patients affected by CMA and healthy infants. These findings prompt the concept that specific beneficial bacteria from the human intestinal microflora, designated probiotics, could restore intestinal homeostasis and prevent or alleviate allergy, at least in part by interacting with the intestinal immune cells. The aim of this paper is to review what is currently known about the use of probiotics as dietary supplements in CMA.
牛奶过敏（CMA）仍然是生活在西方国家的婴儿日益关注的健康问题。大多数受影响婴儿的长期预后良好，约有 80%的婴儿会在 4 岁时自然获得耐受。然而，最近的研究表明，CMA 的自然史正在发生变化，其持续时间延长到了更晚的年龄。CMA 的发病机制以及口服耐受机制很复杂，目前尚未完全清楚，尽管许多研究表明与肠道相关的免疫和肠道微生物群有关，有人提出，肠道微生物群的组成改变会导致对食物过敏原的局部和全身免疫反应失衡。此外，患有 CMA 的患者和健康婴儿的肠道微生物群的组成在质量和数量上都存在差异。这些发现提示了这样一种概念，即来自人类肠道微生物群的特定有益细菌（称为益生菌）可以通过与肠道免疫细胞相互作用来恢复肠道内稳态并预防或减轻过敏，至少在一定程度上是这样。本文的目的是综述目前关于益生菌作为 CMA 饮食补充剂的应用的相关知识。
