Technische Universität München, Department of Ecology and Ecosystem Management, Restoration Ecology, 85350, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany.
Ambio. 2013 Sep;42(5):541-8. doi: 10.1007/s13280-013-0387-5. Epub 2013 Mar 3.
Invasive species, range-expanding species, genetically modified organisms (GMOs), synthetic organisms, and emerging pathogens increasingly affect the human environment. We propose a framework that allows comparison of consecutive stages that such novel organisms go through. The framework provides a common terminology for novel organisms, facilitating knowledge exchange among researchers, managers, and policy makers that work on, or have to make effective decisions about, novel organisms. The framework also indicates that knowledge about the causes and consequences of stage transitions for the better studied novel organisms, such as invasive species, can be transferred to more poorly studied ones, such as GMOs and emerging pathogens. Finally, the framework advances understanding of how climate change can affect the establishment, spread, and impacts of novel organisms, and how biodiversity affects, and is affected by, novel organisms.
入侵物种、分布范围扩大的物种、转基因生物 (GMO)、合成生物体和新出现的病原体日益影响人类环境。我们提出了一个框架，允许对这些新生物体经历的连续阶段进行比较。该框架为新生物体提供了通用术语，促进了从事新生物体工作的研究人员、管理者和政策制定者之间的知识交流，或者必须就新生物体做出有效决策。该框架还表明，可以将关于入侵物种等研究较好的新生物体的阶段转变的原因和后果的知识转移到研究较差的 GMO 和新出现的病原体等生物体。最后，该框架增进了对气候变化如何影响新生物体的建立、传播和影响，以及生物多样性如何影响和受新生物体影响的理解。
