1. Department of Surgery, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel.
J Cancer. 2013;4(3):281-95. doi: 10.7150/jca.5836. Epub 2013 Mar 20.
The discovery of microRNA, a group of regulatory short RNA fragments, has added a new dimension to the diagnosis and management of neoplastic diseases. Differential expression of microRNA in a unique pattern in a wide range of tumor types enables researches to develop a microRNA-based assay for source identification of metastatic disease of unknown origin. This is just one example of many microRNA-based cancer diagnostic and prognostic assays in various phases of clinical research.Since colorectal cancer (CRC) is a phenotypic expression of multiple molecular pathways including chromosomal instability (CIN), micro-satellite instability (MIS) and CpG islands promoter hypermethylation (CIMP), there is no one-unique pattern of microRNA expression expected in this disease and indeed, there are multiple reports published, describing different patterns of microRNA expression in CRC.The scope of this manuscript is to provide a comprehensive review of the scientific literature describing the dysregulation of and the potential role for microRNA in the management of CRC. A Pubmed search was conducted using the following MeSH terms, "microRNA" and "colorectal cancer". Of the 493 publications screened, there were 57 papers describing dysregulation of microRNA in CRC.
微小 RNA（microRNA）是一组调节性短 RNA 片段的发现，为肿瘤性疾病的诊断和治疗增添了新的维度。微小 RNA 在广泛的肿瘤类型中以独特的模式差异表达，使得研究人员能够开发基于微小 RNA 的检测方法，用于鉴定来源不明的转移性疾病。这只是众多处于不同临床研究阶段的基于微小 RNA 的癌症诊断和预后检测方法的一个例子。
由于结直肠癌（CRC）是多种分子途径的表型表达，包括染色体不稳定性（CIN）、微卫星不稳定性（MIS）和 CpG 岛启动子超甲基化（CIMP），因此在这种疾病中预计不会出现单一独特的微小 RNA 表达模式，事实上，已经有多个报告描述了 CRC 中微小 RNA 表达的不同模式。
本文的范围是全面综述描述微小 RNA 失调及其在 CRC 管理中的潜在作用的科学文献。使用以下 MeSH 术语在 Pubmed 上进行了搜索，“microRNA”和“colorectal cancer”。在筛选的 493 篇论文中，有 57 篇论文描述了 CRC 中微小 RNA 的失调。
