Department of Psychology, Vanderbilt University.
J Exp Psychol Gen. 2014 Feb;143(1):455-72. doi: 10.1037/a0032122. Epub 2013 Mar 11.
Selective stopping paradigms address selectivity in controlled behavior, as subjects stop certain responses or responses to certain stimuli. The literature has discussed 2 strategies for selective stopping. First, selective stopping may prolong the stop process by adding a discrimination stage (Independent Discriminate then Stop). Second, selective stopping may involve stopping nonselectively and then restarting the response if the signal is an ignore signal (Stop then Discriminate). We discovered a variant of the first strategy that occurred often in our experiments and previously published experiments: The requirement to discriminate stop and ignore signals may interact with the go process, invalidating the independent race model (Dependent Discriminate then Stop). Our experiments focused on stimulus selective stopping, in which subjects stop to one signal and ignore another. When stop and ignore signals were equally likely, some subjects used the Stop then Discriminate strategy and others used the Dependent Discriminate then Stop strategy. When stop signals were more frequent than ignore signals, most subjects used the Stop then Discriminate strategy; when ignore signals were more frequent than stop signals, most subjects used the Dependent Discriminate then Stop strategy. The commonly accepted Independent Discriminate then Stop strategy was seldom implemented. Selective stopping was either not selective (Stop then Discriminate), or interacted with going (Dependent Discriminate then Stop). Implications for the cognitive science, lifespan development, clinical science, and neuroscience of selective stopping are discussed.
选择性停止范式解决了控制行为中的选择性问题，因为受试者会停止某些反应或对某些刺激做出反应。文献中讨论了选择性停止的 2 种策略。首先，选择性停止可能会通过增加一个区分阶段来延长停止过程（独立区分然后停止）。其次，选择性停止可能涉及非选择性停止，如果信号是忽略信号，则重新启动响应（停止然后区分）。我们在实验和之前发表的实验中发现了第一种策略的一种变体：停止和忽略信号的区分要求可能与进行过程相互作用，从而使独立竞争模型失效（依赖区分然后停止）。我们的实验专注于刺激选择性停止，在这种停止中，受试者会停止对一种信号的反应而忽略另一种信号。当停止和忽略信号的可能性相同时，一些受试者使用停止然后区分策略，而另一些则使用依赖区分然后停止策略。当停止信号比忽略信号更频繁时，大多数受试者使用停止然后区分策略；当忽略信号比停止信号更频繁时，大多数受试者使用依赖区分然后停止策略。通常接受的独立区分然后停止策略很少被实施。选择性停止要么没有选择性（停止然后区分），要么与进行过程相互作用（依赖区分然后停止）。讨论了选择性停止对认知科学、寿命发展、临床科学和神经科学的影响。
