Physical Education and Health Department, Tun Abdul Razak Teachers' Education Institute, Kota Samarahan, MALAYSIA.
J Hum Kinet. 2012 Jun;33:151-61. doi: 10.2478/v10078-012-0054-0. Epub 2012 Jul 4.
This study investigated gender, age group and locality differences in adolescent athletes' self-determination motivation and goal orientations in track and field. It also examined the relationship between the self-determination theory and achievement goal theory. A total of 632 (349 boys, 283 girls) adolescent athletes (aged 13-18 years) completed the Sports Motivation Scale and Task and Ego Orientation in Sport Questionnaire. Results indicated significant differences between gender on intrinsic motivation, extrinsic motivation, amotivation (t(630) = 4.10, p < 0.05) and ego orientation (t(630) = 2.48, p < 0.05). Male students reported higher intrinsic motivation, extrinsic motivation, amotivation and ego orientation. A significant difference was found between age groups on task orientation (t(630) = 1.94, p < 0.05) and locality on ego orientation (t(630) = 1.94, p < 0.05). Older athletes showed significantly higher task orientation. Rural athletes had higher ego orientation whereas urban athletes have higher intrinsic motivation. Task orientation was related to intrinsic motivation (r = 0.55, p < 0.01), extrinsic motivation (r = 0.55, p < 0.01), but weakly related to amotivation (r = 0.10, p < 0.01). Ego orientation was related to intrinsic motivation (r = 0.30, p < 0.01), extrinsic motivation (r = 0.36, p < 0.01) and amotivaion (r = 0.36, p < 0.01). Task orientation was related to ego orientation (r = 0.29, p < 0.01). Multiple regression analysis showed intrinsic motivation, extrinsic motivation and amotivation accounted for 30.5% of the variances in task orientation.
本研究调查了性别、年龄组和地理位置差异对田径青少年运动员的自我决定动机和目标取向的影响，还检验了自我决定理论和成就目标理论之间的关系。共有 632 名（349 名男生，283 名女生）青少年运动员（年龄 13-18 岁）完成了运动动机量表和任务与自我取向运动问卷。结果表明，性别在内在动机、外在动机、动机缺失（t(630) = 4.10，p < 0.05）和自我取向（t(630) = 2.48，p < 0.05）方面存在显著差异。男生报告的内在动机、外在动机、动机缺失和自我取向更高。年龄组在任务取向（t(630) = 1.94，p < 0.05）和地理位置在自我取向（t(630) = 1.94，p < 0.05）方面存在显著差异。年龄较大的运动员表现出明显更高的任务取向。农村运动员的自我取向更高，而城市运动员的内在动机更高。任务取向与内在动机（r = 0.55，p < 0.01）、外在动机（r = 0.55，p < 0.01）呈显著正相关，但与动机缺失（r = 0.10，p < 0.01）呈弱相关。自我取向与内在动机（r = 0.30，p < 0.01）、外在动机（r = 0.36，p < 0.01）和动机缺失（r = 0.36，p < 0.01）呈显著正相关。任务取向与自我取向呈显著正相关（r = 0.29，p < 0.01）。多元回归分析表明，内在动机、外在动机和动机缺失占任务取向方差的 30.5%。
