Gilson Todd A, Chow Graig M, Ewing Martha E
Department of Kinesiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA.
J Strength Cond Res. 2008 Jul;22(4):1169-75. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0b013e318173c566.
Despite the importance that today's athletics place on strength training, research exploring the motivation of athletes in this arena is sparse. It is known that not all athletes will use the same motivational cognitions as inspiration, and these differences can be explored through achievement goal orientations. Through questionnaire data and semistructured interviews, the present study investigated how collegiate athletes maintain high levels of motivation over a period of time during strength training and explored relationships among five goal orientations: task-orientation, self-enhancing ego-orientation, self-defeating ego-orientation, social-approval orientation, and work-avoidance orientation. Subjects (N = 133), comprising 90 men and 43 women, were current varsity collegiate athletes from 15 different sports at a major Midwestern university. In addition, using a screener survey to assess achievement goal orientations, 15 subjects from the sample group who demonstrated a stronger inclination to only one achievement goal orientation were interviewed to gain a more in-depth understanding of their motivation cognitions in strength training. Results showed that the strongest achievement goal orientations reported from all athletes were task-orientation and social-approval. Additionally, five higher-order themes (significant others, improvement, competitive demands, being stronger than others, and miscellaneous) were consistent among the interviewed athletes when describing how they stay motivated during strength training. Whereas all athletes were able to describe at least one motivational strategy they employed during strength training, the dominant achievement goal orientation of some athletes influenced their motivational strategy. By employing the T.A.R.G.E.T. model (), strength coaches can foster adaptive achievement goal orientations and thereby enhance intrinsic motivation for athletes engaging in strength training.
尽管当今体育界十分重视力量训练，但探索该领域运动员动机的研究却很少。众所周知，并非所有运动员都会将相同的动机认知用作激励因素，这些差异可以通过成就目标定向来探究。通过问卷调查数据和半结构化访谈，本研究调查了大学生运动员在力量训练期间如何在一段时间内保持高水平的动机，并探讨了五种目标定向之间的关系：任务定向、自我提升的自我定向、自我挫败的自我定向、社会认可定向和逃避工作定向。研究对象（N = 133）包括90名男性和43名女性，是一所中西部主要大学中15个不同运动项目的现役大学生运动员。此外，通过一项筛选调查来评估成就目标定向，对样本组中15名表现出更强倾向于仅一种成就目标定向的受试者进行了访谈，以更深入地了解他们在力量训练中的动机认知。结果表明，所有运动员报告的最强成就目标定向是任务定向和社会认可。此外，在描述他们在力量训练中如何保持动力时，受访运动员中出现了五个高阶主题（重要他人、进步、竞争需求、比他人更强以及其他）。虽然所有运动员都能够描述他们在力量训练中采用的至少一种激励策略，但一些运动员的主导成就目标定向影响了他们的激励策略。通过采用T.A.R.G.E.T.模型（），力量教练可以培养适应性的成就目标定向，从而增强参与力量训练的运动员的内在动机。
