Koumpoula M, Tsopani D, Flessas K, Chairopoulou C
University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
J Sports Med Phys Fitness. 2011 Sep;51(3):480-8.
The present study examines the sport motivation and the goal orientations in the competitive and non-competitive structure of rhythmic gymnastics. Participation of individuals in one or the other structure of the sport differs in line with the goals they want to achieve and possibly also with respect to the factors that impulse them to take part in one or the other. The purpose of this study is to examine how individuals who participate in different structures of the sport of rhythmic gymnastics differentiate with regard to the type of motivation (intrinsic, extrinsic, amotivation) and goal orientations.
The study involved 98 young female rhythmic gymnastics athletes (aged 14 years and up), out of which 40 were athletes of competitive clubs or members of national teams, and 58 were athletes of non-competitive clubs. For the evaluation of motivation and goal orientations the following tools were used: the Sport Motivation Scale (SMS) and the Task and Ego Orientation in Sport Questionnaire (TEOSQ). Descriptive and inductive statistical data analysis was conducted.
The results showed that the athletes of the non-competitive structure presented higher levels of introjected regulation (extrinsic motivation), amotivation and lower levels of ego orientation (P<0.05). Rhythmic gymnastics athletes' (regardless of the structure of the sport) presented high level in task orientation while the high levels of task orientation is positively associated with high levels of intrinsic motivation regardless of the levels of ego orientation.
The intrinsic motivation of athletes participating in rhythmic gymnastics runs at high levels. The amotivation of rhythmic gymnastics athletes' is a phenomenon which is also presented in the the non-competitive sport structure. It is important that the two different structures of sports be determined with accurate criteria.
本研究考察艺术体操竞技和非竞技结构中的运动动机与目标定向。个体参与该运动的这两种不同结构，因他们想要实现的目标而有所不同，可能在促使他们参与其中一种或另一种结构的因素方面也存在差异。本研究的目的是考察参与艺术体操不同结构的个体在动机类型（内在动机、外在动机、无动机）和目标定向上如何存在差异。
该研究涉及98名年轻女子艺术体操运动员（年龄在14岁及以上），其中40名是竞技俱乐部的运动员或国家队队员，58名是非竞技俱乐部的运动员。为评估动机和目标定向，使用了以下工具：运动动机量表（SMS）和运动任务与自我定向问卷（TEOSQ）。进行了描述性和归纳性统计数据分析。
结果表明，非竞技结构的运动员表现出更高水平的内摄调节（外在动机）、无动机以及更低水平的自我定向（P<0.05）。艺术体操运动员（无论运动结构如何）在任务定向上表现出高水平，且无论自我定向水平如何，高水平的任务定向与高水平的内在动机呈正相关。
参与艺术体操的运动员内在动机水平较高。艺术体操运动员的无动机现象在非竞技运动结构中也存在。重要的是要用准确的标准来界定这两种不同的运动结构。
