Department of Sports Sciences, Polytechnic Institute of Bragança, Bragança, Portugal. ; Research Centre in Sport, Health and Human Development, Vila Real, Portugal.
J Hum Kinet. 2012 May;32:9-19. doi: 10.2478/v10078-012-0019-3. Epub 2012 May 30.
The aim of this study was to compute and validate trunk transverse surface area (TTSA) estimation equations to be used assessing the swimmer's drag force according to competitive level by gender. One group of 130 swimmers (54 females and 76 males) was used to compute the TTSA estimation equations and another group of 132 swimmers (56 females and 76 males) were used for its validations. Swimmers were photographed in the transverse plane from above, on land, in the upright and hydrodynamic position. The TTSA was measured from the swimmer's photo with specific software. It was also measured the height, body mass, biacromial diameter, chest sagital diameter (CSD) and the chest perimeter (CP). With the first group of swimmers it was computed the TTSA estimation equations based on stepwise multiple regression models from the selected anthropometrical variables. The TTSA prediction equations were significant and with a prediction level qualitatively considered as moderate. All equations included only the CP and the CSD in the final models. In all prediction models there were no significant differences between assessed and estimated mean TTSA. Coefficients of determination for the linear regression models between assessed and estimated TTSA were moderate and significant. More than 80% of the plots were within the 95% interval confidence for the Bland-Altman analysis in both genders. So, TTSA estimation equations that are easy to be computed by coached and researchers were developed. All equations accomplished the validation criteria adopted.
本研究的目的是计算和验证躯干横截面积（TTSA）的估算公式，以便根据性别和竞技水平评估游泳者的阻力。一组 130 名游泳运动员（54 名女性和 76 名男性）用于计算 TTSA 估算公式，另一组 132 名游泳运动员（56 名女性和 76 名男性）用于验证。游泳运动员在陆地上的横截面上处于直立和流体力学位置，从上方拍摄照片。使用特定软件从游泳运动员的照片中测量 TTSA。还测量了身高、体重、双肩胛骨直径、胸部矢状直径（CSD）和胸部周长（CP）。利用第一组游泳运动员，从选定的人体测量学变量中，基于逐步多元回归模型计算 TTSA 估算方程。TTSA 预测方程具有统计学意义，预测水平被定性认为是中等的。所有方程最终模型中仅包含 CP 和 CSD。在所有预测模型中，评估和估计的平均 TTSA 之间没有显著差异。评估和估计 TTSA 之间线性回归模型的决定系数适中且显著。在男女两性中，Bland-Altman 分析的 95%置信区间内，超过 80%的图都在范围内。因此，开发了易于由教练和研究人员计算的 TTSA 估算方程。所有方程都符合采用的验证标准。
