Strzała Marek, Stanula Arkadiusz, Krężałek Piotr, Ostrowski Andrzej, Kaca Marcin, Głąb Grzegorz
Department of Water Sports, University School of Physical Education, Kraków, Poland.
Department of Sports Training, The Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education, Katowice, Poland.
J Hum Kinet. 2017 Dec 28;60:51-62. doi: 10.1515/hukin-2017-0089. eCollection 2017 Dec.
The aim of this study was to investigate somatic properties and force production of leg extensor muscles measured in the countermovement jump test (CMJ), as well as to analyse kinematic variables of sprint surface butterfly swimming. Thirty-four male competitive swimmers were recruited with an average age of 19.3 ± 1.83 years. Their average body height (BH) was 183.7 ± 5.93 cm, body fat content 10.8 ± 2.64% and body mass (BM) 78.3 ± 5.0 kg. Length measurements of particular body segments were taken and a counter movement jump (CMJ) as well as an all-out 50 m butterfly speed test were completed. The underwater movements of the swimmers' bodies were recorded with a digital camera providing side-shots. We registered a significant relationship between body mass (r = 0.46), lean body mass (r = 0.48) and sprint surface butterfly swimming (VSBF). The anaerobic power measured in the CMJ test, total body length (TBL) as well as upper and lower extremity length indices did not influence swimming speed significantly. The temporal entry-kick index (the time ratio between the first kick and arm entry) significantly influenced VSBF (r = -0.45). Similarly, medium power of the coefficient was indicated between a) stroke rate kinematics (SR), b) duration of the first leg kick (LP1), c) air phase duration of arm recovery (Fly-arm), and VSBF (r = 0.40; r = 0.40 and r = 0.41, respectively). The entry-kick temporal index showed that, in the butterfly cycle, an appropriately early executed initial kick when compared to arm entry was associated with a longer arm propulsion phase, which in turn was associated with minimizing resistive gliding phases and enabled relatively longer and less resistive air arm recovery (higher value of the fly-arm index). The higher value of SR kinematic was another important element of the best butterfly results in this study.
本研究的目的是调查在反向跳跃测试（CMJ）中测量的腿部伸肌的身体特性和力量产生情况，以及分析短距离蝶泳的运动学变量。招募了34名男性竞技游泳运动员，平均年龄为19.3±1.83岁。他们的平均身高（BH）为183.7±5.93厘米，体脂含量为10.8±2.64%，体重（BM）为78.3±5.0千克。对特定身体部位进行了长度测量，并完成了反向跳跃（CMJ）以及50米蝶泳全力速度测试。用提供侧面拍摄的数码相机记录了游泳者身体的水下动作。我们发现体重（r = 0.46）、瘦体重（r = 0.48）与短距离蝶泳速度（VSBF）之间存在显著关系。在CMJ测试中测量的无氧功率、全身长度（TBL）以及上肢和下肢长度指数对游泳速度没有显著影响。入水-踢水时间指数（第一次踢水与手臂入水的时间比）对VSBF有显著影响（r = -0.45）。同样，系数的中等功率表明，a）划水频率运动学（SR）、b）第一次腿部踢水持续时间（LP1）、c）手臂恢复的空中阶段持续时间（Fly-arm）与VSBF之间存在关系（分别为r = 0.40；r = 0.40和r = 0.41）。入水-踢水时间指数表明，在蝶泳周期中，与手臂入水相比，适当提前执行初始踢水与更长的手臂推进阶段相关，这反过来又与最小化阻力滑行阶段相关，并使得手臂在空中恢复的时间相对更长且阻力更小（Fly-arm指数值更高）。SR运动学的较高值是本研究中最佳蝶泳成绩的另一个重要因素。
