Academy of Physical Education in Katowice, Poland, Department of Biomechanics.
J Hum Kinet. 2012 Oct;34:59-68. doi: 10.2478/v10078-012-0064-y. Epub 2012 Oct 23.
The main objective of the study was to determine to what degree higher muscular activity, achieved by increased load in the extension phase (eccentric muscle action) of the vertical jump, affects the efficiency of the vertical jump. Sixteen elite biathletes participated in this investigation. The biathletes performed tests that consisted of five, single "maximal" vertical jumps (counter movement jump - CMJ) and five, single vertical jumps, in which the task was to touch a bar placed over the jumping biathletes (specific task counter movement jump - SCMJ). Then, they performed five, single drop jumps from an elevation of 0.4m (DJ). Ground reaction forces were registered using the KISTLER 9182C force platform. MVJ software was used for signal processing (Król, 1999) and enabling calculations for kinematic and kinetic parameters of the subject's jump movements (on-line system). The results indicate that only height of the jump (h) and mean power (Pmean) during the takeoff are statistically significant. Both h and Pmean are higher in the DJ. The results of this study may indicate that elite biathletes are well adapted to eccentric work of the lower limbs, thus reaching greater values of power during the drop jump. These neuromuscular adaptive changes may allow for a more dynamic and efficient running technique.
本研究的主要目的是确定在垂直跳跃的伸展阶段（离心肌肉动作）增加负荷以提高肌肉活动程度对垂直跳跃效率的影响程度。 16 名精英冬季两项运动员参与了此项研究。运动员进行了五项单次最大垂直跳跃测试（反向跳跃 - CMJ）和五项特定任务反向跳跃测试（SCMJ），其中任务是触碰到放置在跳跃运动员上方的横杆。然后，他们从 0.4 米的高度进行了五次单足跳下跳（DJ）。使用 KISTLER 9182C 力台记录地面反作用力。MVJ 软件用于信号处理（Król，1999）和计算受试者跳跃运动的运动学和动力学参数（在线系统）。结果表明，只有起跳高度（h）和起飞时的平均功率（Pmean）具有统计学意义。DJ 中的 h 和 Pmean 都更高。这项研究的结果可能表明，精英冬季两项运动员非常适应下肢的离心工作，从而在跳下跳时达到更高的功率值。这些神经肌肉适应性变化可能允许更动态和有效的跑步技术。
